胡麻品種之選育
Other Title
The Improvement of Sesame
Journal
雜糧作物試驗研究年報
Journal Issue
105
Pages
106-110
ISBN
978-986-05-7330-5
Date Issued
2018-11
Author(s)
黃涵靈
Han-Ling Huang
Abstract
胡麻為國內主要油料作物之一，每年需求量達40,000 公噸以上，但國產胡麻僅占約 5%，故政府於103 年度將胡麻列入進口替代作物，以鼓勵農民栽植胡麻，並提高胡麻自給率，然目前胡麻栽培面臨主要問題為勞力過於密集，無法機械化，且國內胡麻栽培品系選擇單一，為進行胡麻品種改良，研究主要調查12 個商業品系以及21 個自104 年篩選品系之農藝性狀，並和現有栽培品種臺南1 號比較，結果顯示12 個商業品系之成熟蒴莢開裂性皆為開裂，且蒴莢種子落粒率皆大於80%，另有4 個品系之單株產量高於台南1 號，另104 年篩選之品系中有3個蒴莢完全不開裂品系，其中以PI599446 之單株產量最高，其他蒴莢開裂之品系有5 個品系之單株產量高於台南1 號，此外於103 年至105 年期間完成9 個雜交組合。
Sesame is one of the important oil crop in Taiwan, and the demand for sesame seeds is more than 40,000 tons, but the self-sufficiency ratio of sesame in Taiwan is less than 5%. In light of food safety, the government drew up regulations in 2014 in order to encourage farmers to cultivate sesame and increase the self-sufficiency ratio of sesame. However, sesame production is highly labor intensive and not mechanically harvested, and the sesame varieties for cultivation is poor and old. In order to improve farmers’ willingness for sesame cultivation, we investigated the characteristics of 12 commercial varieties from other countries and 21 varieties which are selected in 2015 and made the sesame crosses in the study. There are no variety with indehiscent or non-dehiscent capsules in 12 commercial varieties and 4 varieties with higher yield per plant than Tainan No. 1. In addition, we made 9 sesame crosses from 2014 to 2016.
Subjects
胡麻
選育
sesame
improvement
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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