五加科藥用植物之開發與利用
Other Title
The Development and Utilization of Medicinal Plants of Araliaceae Family
Start Page
161
End Page
167
ISBN
957-02-4205-1
Date Issued
1999-03
Date
1999-03
Author(s)
張永勳
Yuan-Shiun Chang
Abstract
五加科植物約有80屬，900多種，分布於兩半球熱帶至溫帶地區。中國有22屬160多種，分布於全國各地；台灣地區有10屬16種。本科植物在經濟上有許多方面之用途，許多種類如人參、西洋參、川七、刺五加、通脫木、r木、土當歸等均為著名之藥用植物，特別是人參屬(Panax)之人參、西洋參、川七為中醫常用重要高貴藥材，刺五加近年來亦為常用之保健食品。
人參為五加科人參屬(Panax)植物，自古以來即為中醫常用高貴藥材。臺灣市售人參屬藥材種類繁多，依其原植物基原，主要可分為三大類：
1．人參Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer主產於韓國、日本及大陸長白山等地，依加工方法又可分為白參、紅參及東洋參等。
2．西洋參Panax quinquefolius L.產於美國、加拿大，近年來大陸吉林亦有栽培，又名移種花旗參、野泡、正負粉光參、八百光（粉光參鬚）。
3．人參三七Panax notoginseng (Burk)產於雲南、廣西，又名川七（田七）。
刺五加為五加科植物刺五加Ancan thojr.nax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms的乾燥根及根莖，為中藥五加皮的原料之一。自1960年以來，刺五加開始引起蘇俄藥理學家的注意，因為他們為了找尋一個合適的、產量豐富且便宜的人參代用品。結果經研究發現，刺五加具有許多與人參相同的藥效，可為代替品，又稱為西伯利亞人參。更發現刺五加較人參具有更好之適應原(Adaptogen)樣的作用，能使機體處於”增強非特異性防禦能力狀態” (A state of non-specifically increased resistance，簡稱SNIR)。
本報告就人參、西洋參、川七及刺五加之化學成分、藥理作用及臨床應用之研究提出探討。
There are 80 genus and 900 species in Araliaceae family in the world. In China, there are 22 genus and 160 species In Taiwan, there are 10 genus and 16 species. This family had been famous for its economic potential. Among them, Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng had been used as important, high value crude drugs since ancient time. Acanthopanax senticosus also became popular in health food market in recent years.
In Taiwan, there are many commercial ginseng products which can be classified into three major categories according to their plant origin:
1. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer which grows in Korea, Japan and China. There are red ginseng, white ginseng and Tung-Yang ginseng on the market base on their processing methods.
2. P. quinquefolius L. which grows in North America. In recent years, China had cultivated this species successfully in Jih-Lin Province.
3. P. notoginseng (Burk) Chen which grows in Yunnan, Kwang-Shi Province in China.
The dried root and rhizome of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms had been used as Wu-Chia-Pi since ancient time. This plant had drawn attention of Russian scientists in 1960 when they are trying to find a ginseng substitute. They found that Acanthopanax senticosus exhibit similar ginseng effects. They even found that Acanthopanax senticosus exhibit better adaptogenic effect than ginseng.
In this paper,Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng and Acanthopanax senticosus will be discussed from chemical, biological and clinical aspects.
Event(s)
1999藥用植物之開發與利用研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Development and Utilization of Medicinal Plants 1999
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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