台灣土壤環境生態與根瘤菌
Other Title
Soil Environmental Ecology of Rhizobia in Taiwan
Journal
微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第44號
Pages
15-29
ISBN
957-00-4053-X
Date Issued
1994-06
Author(s)
趙震慶
Chen-Ching Chao
Abstract
根瘤菌與豆科作物的共生作用，於今日推展永續性農耕法中，為不可缺之土壤管理或輪作程序之一。優良人工培養根瘤菌菌株在土壤生態環境中之命運及共生固氮作用受限之探討，為成功推展根瘤菌於農業生產上極重要之課題。
人工培養的國外菌株Rhizobium Ion 94A3，在酸性壤土中42天後存活率約下降1000倍，而在140天的銀合歡生長期中，根瘤菌移動距離約為15公分左右。與土棲性菌競爭根瘤生成之能力弱。然於酸性林地土壤中，仍有助根瘤之生成與銀合歡初期之生長。R. fredii及Bradyrhizobium japonicum之生長世代時間與於根系競爭根瘤生成率及在乾土中存活率間無相關。重金屬抑制大豆根瘤乙快還原活性，抑制力之大小因土壤種類而異。pH4.2之紅壤，提升根圈pH，有助有效性根瘤之形成。土棲性大豆與銀合歡根瘤菌對抗生素之抗藥性約高國外菌株5至30倍，殺菌劑對根瘤菌之毒性較殺蟲劑及殺草劑為強。
One of most important process of crop mangement in rotation system of organic agriculture was the symbiosis of rhizobia with legume. The fate of effective Rhizobium strain and the limitation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soil environment were very serious topics for successful extension rhizobia to apply in the agricultural production. The effect of soil environment on the rhizobia in Taiwan was summarized as follow:
The cell numbers of Rhizobium lot! Nif 94A3 declined with increasing incubation time in an acid soil and after 42 days the cell numbers declined about 1 0. During 140 days growth period of Leucaena leucocephala, the movement of inoculated R. loti Nif 94A3 in liming soils was only 10-15 cm. The competition of R. loti Nif 94A3 with indigenous rhizobia was very weak in an acid soil. But, leucaena seed inoculated with R. lot! Nif 94A3, those processe increased the biomass of leucaena and nitrogen fixation of nodule at initial growth stage of leucaena in an acid soil. The generation time of R. fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in YEM medium, did not relationship with competition in nodulation of soybean and survival in dry soil. The acetylene reduction activity decreased with increasing the concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb or Cr in three unsterilized soils. The decreased rations depended upon the kinds of heavy metals and soil groups. Increased the rhi-zosphere pH of soybean, this process promoted effective nodulation in a red soil with pH 4.2. The indigenous rhizobia isolated from Taiwan soils generally tolerate higher concentration of antibiotics than strains isolated from other areas of the world. The toxicity of fungicide on rhizobia was more higher than that of pesiticide and herbicide.
Event(s)
微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會
Proceeding of A Symposium on development and Utilization of Microbial Fertilizer
Subjects
根瘤菌
土壤
生態
Rhizobium
soil
ecology
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所
Type
conference paper
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