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  5. Studies on the anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Taiwan
 
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Studies on the anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Taiwan

Other Title
臺灣 Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 菌絲融合羣之研究
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
27
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
325
End Page
343
Date Issued
1978-12-05
Date
1978-12-05
Author(s)
C.C. Tu
Y.C. Chang
杜金池
張義璋
DOI
10.29951/JARC.197812.0005
URI
https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/13702
Abstract
Anastomosis among 264 isolates of Rhizocionia solani (=Thanatephorus cucumeris) indicated that 251 isolates fell into one of five groups (TRAG 1-TRAG 5) corresponding to groups previously descriebd by Ogoshi in Japan. Four of them (TR-AG 1-TRAG 4) were also comparable with those groups reported by Parmeter, et al in the North America, and Schultz and Richter & Schneider in the Europe. Anastomosis between isolates from the same group was perfect fusion, imperfect fusion, or contact fusion. No hyphal fusion was observed between isolates of different groups. Each anastomosis group seemed to have specificity in the host range, but this specificity was not rigid. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn菌絲融合(Anastomosis)之方式有三:(1)菌絲尖端對菌絲尖端、(2)菌絲尖端對側生小枝(Telemorphic branch)及(3)側生小枝對側生小枝等。依融合程度又可分成三種不同結果:(1)完全融合(Perfectfusion)。(2)不完全融合(Imperfect fusion)及(3)接觸融合(Contact fusion)等。菌絲完全融合之進行過程先由兩菌絲在相距7-15μm處,因相互間或其中一方之吸引而迅速接近,並在40~60分鐘內完成菌絲接觸、細胞壁融合及細胞質融合交流等步驟。完全融合後細胞不會死亡。不完全融合則在細胞質融合後,該細胞或其鄰近細胞會迅速地死亡。接觸融合則只進行到菌絲接觸,並不進行細胞壁及細胞質融合,菌絲亦停止生長。雖很多菌絲在融合前有誘引現象,但亦有許多菌絲並無互相誘引之跡象,菌絲融合完全憑相對菌絲之相遇機率行之。 基於同一菌羣中之兩菌株會發生完全融台、不完全融合、或接觸融合,而不同菌羣之兩菌株間則不發生融合之原理,本省探集之264 R.solani菌株中,有251菌株可歸類成TRAG 1、TRAG 2、TRAG 3、TRAG 4及TRAG 5等5個菌絲融合羣。另13菌株因互不產生融合,而尚未歸羣。各菌絲融合羣可寄生於不同作物上,而同一作物亦可受不同菌草寄生。TRAG 1之寄主植物有花主屬(Arachis sp.)、黃大豆屬(Glycino sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)、稻屬(Oryza sp.)茄屬(Solanum sp.)、蜀黍屬(Sorghum sp.)及虹豆屬(Vigna sp.)等7屬;TRAG 2之寄主有番椒屬(Capsicum sp.)、燈心草屬(Juncus sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)、萊菔屬(Raphanus sp.)、茄屬(Solanum sp.)及鬱金香屬(Tulipa sp.)等6屬;TRAG 3則只在茄屬(Solanum sp.)發現;TRAG 4之寄主範圍為青蔥屬(Allium sp.)、番椒屬(Capsicum sp.)、菊屬(Chrysanthemum sp.)、西瓜屬(Citrullus sp.)、黃麻屬(Corchorus sp.)、木槿屬(Hibiscs sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)及茄屬(Solanum sp.)等8屬;TRAG 5目前只在黃大豆屬(Glycine sp.)分離到。 以臺灣R. solani 5個菌絲融合羣之代表菌株與分讓自日本Ogoshi之5個菌絲融合羣代表菌株進行菌絲融合比較試驗。結果證明臺灣之TRAG 1, TRAG 2, TRAG 3, TRAG 4及TRAG 5依序相當於Ogoshi (1975)之AG-1, AG-2, AG-3, AG-4及AG-5。因Ogoshi (1975)曾用Parmeter, et al (1969)發表之代表菌株進行菌絲融合比較,因此類推前面4羣與Parmeter, et al (1969)之AG-1, AG-2, AG-3及AG-4, Schuitz (1936)之I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及IV,以及Richter和Schneider (1953)之A.D.F及C菌絲融合羣相當於Ogoshi (1965b)並指出AG-1, AG-2 type 1, AG-2 type 2, AG-3及AG-4依序相當於Watanabe和Matsuda之Sasakii type和Web-blight type, Winter crop type,Rush type和Root rot type, Potato type及Praticola type等。雖然日本Ogoshi (1965b)將AG-2分成type 1及type 2兩型,但因為本省有中間型菌株,故再分型似有商榷之必要。TRAG 5 (AG 5)只在日本及臺灣發現,而且Ogoshi (1975b)推測與Richter和Schneider (1956)之B羣相當,但因尚未進行菌絲融合試驗,難能真切確定。
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農業試驗所
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