大豆種子之老化對產量構成要素及其他生理性狀之影響
Other Title
Effects of Seed Deterioration on the Yield Components and Other Physiological Characters in Soybean
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
26
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
307
End Page
313
Date Issued
1977-12-05
Date
1977-12-05
Author(s)
吳翠玉
Tsui-Yu Wu
Abstract
將大豆(Glycine max L.)種子以42℃，100％相對濕度處理3~5天，使種子具不同的老化(Deterioration)程度，以研究種子之活性對各種生理性狀如發芽、生長及產量的影響。
老化種子以TTC (Tetrazolium chloride)染色，較新鮮種子易染，但胚部染色不全。老化種子較新鮮種子吸收氧氣(O2 uptake)能力為低，呼吸作用之氧氣吸收能力受老化之影響因品種不同而不同。
老化種子之蛋白質含量與原來新鮮種子之蛋白質含量同，表示老化種子發芽率降低和蛋白質含量之改變並無關係。老化種子油分含量較新鮮種子油分含量低，且老化程度與油分含量降低間有密切關係。
老化種子發芽率降低，平均發芽日數較多，同時不正常幼苗數增多，其一般現象為根部不正常，幼苗生長較遲緩。在田間栽培時，老化種子出土率、根長，莖長、株重及葉面積等較對照組均明顯降低。
老化種子可延長其全生育日數，並延遲開花、結莢及成熟。對收穫授之株高、分枝數、主莖節數、每株莢數、每株莢重、每株種子數、每株種子重、種子百粒重有不同程度的負的影響。種子之老化對收穫勝種子的蛋白質和油分含量無直接影響。
The vigor and the yield of a crop plant depends on the quality of the seed. Deterioration of seeds through storage often leads to poor growth and low yield. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of deterioration (Which in laboratory was accelerated by subjecting the soybean seeds to 42°C in 100% R. H for 3 or 5 days) on seed contents, viability, germination, seedling growth, and some agronomic characters.
Deterioration did not cause any change in the protein content, although it slightly reduced the oil content. The embryos of deteriorated soybean seeds were not very well stained (other parts were) by Tetrazolium chloride. In one variety of soybean (B11) deterioration caused a slackening of the seed’s ability to respire (take up oxygen) Deteriorated seeds germinated only poorly. Seedling growth was sluggish. This was especially true when sown in the field.
The results also showed that the plants developod from deteriorated seeds took longer to flower, set fruits (pods), and mature. At harvest, pods/plant, pod wt./plant, seeds/plant, seed wt./plant, and the weight of each seed were all adversely affected. This accounts for a reduced crop yield using the agad seeds. Thus screening and selection of high quality viable seeds for planting becomes imperative for a successful culture.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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