利用拮抗菌Trichoderma koningii 對紅豆根腐病之生物防治
Other Title
Biological control of adzuki-bean root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani
Journal
土壤病原生態與防治研討會專刊
Pages
63-71
Date Issued
1991-06
Date
1991-06
Author(s)
劉顯達
Liu, S.D.
Abstract
紅豆根腐病為土壤病原菌Rhizoctonia solani AG-4引起之病害，防治不易。由土壤中篩選出強拮抗性之真菌Trichoderma koningii對本病菌具重寄生作用，會纏繞及分解R. solani菌絲。利用化學誘變劑處理拮抗菌，得到一個耐藥性菌系T12-R33-D25，該菌可耐Benlate至1000 ppm (a.i.)且於植物之根部拓殖能力顯著增加。利用稻殼米糠培養拮抗菌經十天後每克產抱量達109可作為田間防治應用之量產基質。於紅豆植穴中添加約1g稻殼米糠拮抗菌培養物或以拮抗菌抱子懸浮液包覆紅豆種子上，顯著增加紅豆之健康植株數約56至14%，每株產量也增加。如同時添加其他機質，根腐病之發病率也會降低，但和單獨添加拮抗菌處理並無差異。拮抗菌懸浮液處理種子之技術較為簡易可用來大面積田間推廣紅豆根腐病之生物防治。
The root rot disease of adzuki-bean (red bean, Phaseolus angularis) caused by Rhizoctonia solani. is an important and destructive adzuki-beari disease in Taiwan. Conventional chemical control is impractical, Biological control or R. solani with antagonist(s) may be and alternative for control of the disease induced by this soil-borne pathogen. By in vitro dual culture and antibiosis bioassay, two antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum (TC11) and T. koningii (T12) were shown to be strongly antagonistic to R. solani from sreening tests. To improve the biocontroi efficacy and surcival in field where a number of fungicides were constantly sprayed, TC11 and T12 were induced to be benomyl resistant. A new strain (T12-R33-D25) obtained was resistant to 1000 µg/mi benomly, without decreasing mycoparasitic, lytic ability or antibiosis against R. solani compared with the parent strain. A rhizosphere competent phenomenon and growth promotion effect were observed in seed coating or soil amendment with T12-R33-D25. With soil amending of culture biomass Ca. 1 g into sawing hole or seed coating with conidial suspension, the healthy plants and yields of adzukibean significantly increased compared with non-biocontrol treatment in field trials at Pingtung and Kaohsiung from 1986 to 1990. R. Solani was successfully controlled by these two delivery systems with benomyl resistant antagonistic T. koningii, but application by seed coating consmued Less labor hours and culture produce of antagonist is now under extension to the bean grower.
Event(s)
土壤病原生態與防治研討會
Subjects
生物防治
Rhizoctonia solani
Trichoderma koningii
紅豆
Biocontrol
Rhizoctonia solani
Trichoder,na koningii
adzuki-bean
Publisher
農業試驗所、中華植物保護學會、中華民國植物病理學會
Type
conference paper
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土壤病原生態與防治研討會專刊63-71.pdf
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