台灣香蕉黃葉病之抑病土
Other Title
Suppressive soil of banana fusarium wilt in Taiwan
Journal
土壤病原生態與防治研討會專刊
Pages
133-141
Date Issued
1991-06
Date
1991-06
Author(s)
莊再揚
Chuang, T.Y.
Abstract
以土壤平板法測定厚膜胞子發芽率與小焦苗接種試驗之發病率呈顯著相關。本省中南部蕉區抑病土的比例很低，但半抑病土普遍存在。抑病土能抑制厚膜胞子發芽與新厚膜胞子的形成，並且加速病原菌菌絲的溶解，從而減少病原菌的存活。土壤抑菌性與土壤pH值及鈣含量呈顯著相關，但與土壤質地、有機質含量或鉀、鎂、磷等含量無關。分析微生物族群密度，衹有放射菌與厚膜胞子發芽呈負相關，而細菌和真菌與厚膜胞子發芽無多大關係。抑病土經蒸氣消毒或添加抗生物質，會失去或降低抑菌性；添加營養液，初期降低抑菌性，但經7天後，抑菌性反而增強。在導病土中添加鈣化物，可增強抑菌性；但調整其PH由5.0至7.5，對厚膜胞子發芽無多大影響“導病土加入CaCO3或CaCO3與glucose-asparagine混合液後，再加入微生物或1%抑病土，能誘發其抑病性，而且在導病土經蒸氣消毒後再加以處理，效果較佳。溫室內接種試驗顯示，以拮抗菌處理蕉苗並在病土添加碳酸鈣能降低發病，田間試驗亦有相同的結果。
There was a positive correlation between chlamydospore germination on soil surface and infection rate of banana plantlets among 10 soils tested. Among 69 soil samples collected from central and southern Taiwan tested, only few soils were pathogensuppressive. The chiamydospore germination and new chlamydospore formation were inhibited significantly in suppressive soil. Mycelial lysis was also enhanced in suppressive soil. The pathogen survived longer in conducive soil than in suppressive soil. Analysis of soil samples revealed that chiamydospore germination on soil was inversely correlated with pH and Ca content, but it was not correlated with Mg, K, P, organic matter content of soil texture. A negative correlationship between chiamydospore germination and population of actinomycetes but not bacteria and fungi, in soil, was found. Steaming completely nullified the inhibitory effect of suppressive soils, but the suppressiveness was somewhat restored when the soils were exposed to the air for 7 days. Addition of rose bengal or streptomycin to suppressive soils greatly decreased their inhibitory effects. Addition of glucose-asparagine solution at the concentration of 300 and 3000 ppm to the suppressive soils also decreased the suppressiveness at the beginning, but the suppressiveness was greatly enhanced 7 days after nutrient amendment. The suppresiveness of conducive soil was increased after adding antagonistic bacteria and actinomycetes, but not fungi, into soil. The addition of CaCO3 or CaCO3 mixed with glucose-asparagine solution followed by microorganisms or 1% suppressive soil into conducive soil resulted in increasing suppressiveness. The efficacy of induction of suppressiveness in steamed soil was better than in none steamed soil.
Event(s)
土壤病原生態與防治研討會
Subjects
香蕉黃葉病
黃葉病菌
抑病土
Fusarium wilt of banana
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
suppressive soil
Publisher
農業試驗所、中華植物保護學會、中華民國植物病理學會
Type
conference paper
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土壤病原生態與防治研討會專刊133-141.pdf
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