嘉義地區荔枝灌溉排程評估
Other Title
Litchi Irrigation Scheduling Assessment in Chiayi Area
Journal
台灣農業研究
Journal Volume
75
Journal Issue
2
Start Page
323
End Page
331
ISSN
2790-086X
Date Issued
2026-06-11
Author(s)
Abstract
於嘉義分所荔枝試驗園土壤調查得知荔枝根系可達 120 cm 以上，而主要吸收根集中在 0–60 cm，故本研究以 60 cm 土層為基礎量測土壤基質勢含水量，計算出田間容水量及永久萎凋點分別為 212.26 mm 及141.52 mm，以田間容水減去永久萎凋點則可得到總有效水分 70.74 mm，在乘上系數 0.6 則可估算出易有效水分 42.44 mm，最後除以灌溉效率 0.85 則可換得單次灌溉需水量為 49.93 mm。將停梢期及花芽分化期 (11月至隔年 2月) 作物係數 (crop coefficient; Kc) 設定為 0.4、生殖生長期為 (3–6月) 設定為 0.9、營養生長期 (7–10月) 設定為 0.7，並以嘉義分所農業氣象站之氣象資料估算參考蒸發散量 (reference crop evapotranspiration or reference evapotranspiration; ET0)，進而估算出每一生長期之需水量，停梢期及花芽分化期在 2023 年與 2024年分別為 150 mm 與 140 mm、生殖生長期在 2023 年與 2024 年分別為 552 mm 與 567 mm 及營養生長期在2023 年與 2024 年分別為 421 mm 與 423 mm，得知每次灌溉有效水量及各生育時期之蒸發散量後配合每月累積雨量資料則可進行灌溉排程規劃。
Based on a soil survey of the litchi experimental orchard at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch, it was observed that the root system of lychee trees can reach depths of over 120 cm, while the primary absorbing roots are concentrated in the 0–60 cm soil layer; consequently, this study used the 60 cm soil profile as the basis for measuring soil matric potential and water content, calculating the field capacity and permanent wilting point to be 212.26 mm and 141.52 mm, respectively, which determined the total available water to be 70.74 mm, and by applying a depletion coefficient of 0.6, the readily available water was estimated at 42.44 mm, which, when divided by an irrigation efficiency of 0.85, resulted in a gross irrigation requirement of 49.93 mm per application. Furthermore, the crop coefficients were set at 0.4 for the terminal bud period and flower bud differentiation period (November to February), 0.9 for the reproductive growth period (March to June), and 0.7 for the vegetative growth period (July to October), and by using meteorological data from the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch to estimate the reference evapotranspiration, the water requirements for each growth stage were determined to be 150 mm and 140 mm for the terminal bud period and flower bud differentiation period, 552 mm and 567 mm for the reproductive growth period, and 421 mm and 423 mm for the vegetative growth period in 2023 and 2024 respectively, allowing for the formulation of an irrigation schedule based on the effective irrigation water per application, the evapotranspiration of each growth period, and monthly cumulative rainfall data.
Subjects
荔枝
灌溉排程
水分管理
Litchi
Irrigation schedule
Water management
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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