臺灣新紀錄的果樹與花卉病害：梨枝枯病、李細菌性穿孔病、洋桔梗菌核病、長壽花葉斑病

沈原民; 黃冬青; 趙佳鴻; 劉興隆; 王妃蟬; 洪挺軒; 楊雅淨; 傅仰人; Shen, Yuan-Min; Huang, Tung-Chin; Chao, Chia-Hung; Liu, Hsing-Lung; Wang, Fei-Chen; Hung, Ting-Hsuan; Yang, Ya-Ching; Fu, Yang-Jen; 沈原民; 黃冬青; 趙佳鴻; 劉興隆; 王妃蟬; 洪挺軒; 楊雅淨; 傅仰人; Shen, Yuan-Min; Huang, Tung-Chin; Chao, Chia-Hung; Liu, Hsing-Lung; Wang, Fei-Chen; Hung, Ting-Hsuan; Yang, Ya-Ching; Fu, Yang-Jen

臺灣新紀錄的果樹與花卉病害：梨枝枯病、李細菌性穿孔病、洋桔梗菌核病、長壽花葉斑病

Other Title

Newly Recorded Diseases of Fruit Trees and Floral Crops in Taiwan: Stem Canker of Asian Pear, Bacterial Spot of Japanese Plum, Stem Blight of Eustoma, and Leaf Spot of Kalanchoe

Series/Report No.

農業試驗所特刊; 184

Part Of

(特184號) 台灣新浮現之重要作物病害及其防治研討會專刊

Start Page

51

End Page

60

ISBN

978-986-04-5982-1

Date Issued

2015-09

Date

2015-09

Author(s)

沈原民

黃冬青

趙佳鴻

劉興隆

王妃蟬

洪挺軒

楊雅淨

傅仰人

Shen, Yuan-Min

Huang, Tung-Chin

Chao, Chia-Hung

Liu, Hsing-Lung

Wang, Fei-Chen

Hung, Ting-Hsuan

Yang, Ya-Ching

Fu, Yang-Jen

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/4798

Abstract

梨樹枝條自末端枯死是常見的徵狀，有多種真菌可能引起類似的病徵，從彰化縣、臺中市東勢、梨山地區取得枝枯的梨枝條樣本，分離得相同的真菌，鑑定為Neofusicoccum parvum。而自梨山取得的李果實呈黑色或褐色、凹陷而具有裂痕的壞疽斑點，植株有葉片穿孔與莖部潰瘍的病徵，從異常果實、葉片、莖部分離到的細菌都是Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni。在彰化縣種植洋桔梗的溫室內，部份植株有莖部及葉片枯萎的徵狀，腐爛的病斑表面形成白色菌絲、莖內產生黑色菌核，確認為Sclerotinia sclerotiorum。另外，在全臺不同地點種植的長壽花皆發現葉片上有褐色圓形的斑點，後期具瘡痂病徵，自病斑組織可分離得Stemphylium 屬的真菌。上述微生物皆以形態與核酸序列片段佐證鑑定，並將分離培養的菌株寄存在新竹市的食品工業發展研究所。對植物的病原性測試在溫室內進行，人為接種微生物在植物上能產生與田間相同的病徵，並完成柯霍氏法則。以上四種是臺灣新浮現的果樹與花卉病害，這些研究結果可提供臺灣植物病害的基礎資料與病害管理啟發。 Four diseases of Asian pear, Japanese plum, eustoma, and kalanchoe reported recently in Taiwan were introduced and discussed in this article: Neofusicoccum parvum incited the disease of diebacks of twigs and stem cankers in Changhua and Taichung, even though the symptoms are not caused by a specific fungus. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni was isolated from Japanese plum tissues from Lishan, Taichung, including fruits showed black to brown sunken necrotic lesions, leaves with a shot-hole appearance and cankered branches. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found on eustoma plants with stem and leaf blight symptoms in greenhouses in Changhua. Rotten lesions on the plant surfaces had white mycelia. Black sclerotia were produced inside the stem. In addition, a Stemphylium fungus was isolated from necrotic spots and scabs of kalanchoe leaves from different regions in Taiwan. The identification of the fungi and bacteria was supported by morphology and nucleotide sequences. The isolates were deposited in the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan. The four pathogens completed Koch's postulates in a greenhouse, showed symptoms identical to those observed in the fields. These results provide basic host-fungus records in Taiwan and benefit the management of the diseases.

Event(s)

台灣新浮現之重要作物病害及其防治研討會

Proceedings of the Symposium on Important New Emerging Crop Diseases Taiwan and Their Controls

Subjects

梨枝枯病

李細菌性穿孔病

洋桔梗菌核病

長壽花葉斑病

Publisher

農業試驗所

Type

book part

File(s)

Name

no184-6.pdf

Size

1.95 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):3bffab35c37dd5ab21a63570064d49fb