耐逆境雜交牛樟、泡桐與桉樹選拔與利用
Other Title
Selection and Utilization of Stresss Tolerant Cinnamomum, Paulownia, and Eucalyptus Hybrids
Start Page
89
End Page
96
ISBN
978-986-04-3853-6
Date Issued
2014-12
Date
2014-12
Author(s)
何政坤
張淑華
陳永修
施欣慧
吳家禎
陳媶
Cheng-Kuen Ho
Shu-Hwa Chang
Yung-Hsu Chen
Hsin-Hui Shih
Chia-Chen Wu
Jung Chen
Abstract
台灣菇蕈類產值含牛樟芝年約85億元，年需菇蕈木粉31萬公噸。台灣年進口木材自給率不足1％，這些原料仰賴農平地速生樹種造林，由於氣候逆境使造林風險增加，對產業投資高樟芝用牛樟、菇蕈與紙漿用桉樹與製材用泡桐造林而言，因造林海拔降低及面積增加，長期性乾旱、淹水與入侵病蟲害成為對造林產業影響重大。經由曾乾旱與淹水存活之牛樟平地造林及與樟樹雜交的牛樟做為耐旱牛樟選育的方向。桉樹則以組培繁殖大陸引進耐姬小峰品系2個，及5個抗風優良營養系赤按，利用莖枝葉病病原體培養感染及桉樹釉小蜂培養選拔抗病蟲品系。泡桐則以培養簇葉病原體感染引進與雜交耐熱泡桐，選拔品系。發展組織培養與扦插繁殖技術，繁殖具有抗逆品系，在花蓮光復台糖區4公頃、苗栗活化休耕地1.5公頃、建立耐逆試驗。102年蘇力、康芮與天兔颱風對此3試區進行強度抗逆選拔，結果雜交牛樟2品系與牛樟4品系、引進2尾巨桉與1赤桉品系具有抗蟲力，雜交泡桐Pg具有耐熱抗病力。第1年逆境造林顯示，牛樟品系可增加20%存活率。引進尾巨桉與原優良赤巨桉生長相當，但無蟲害，利用栽植密度3x3 m造林可降低傳統2x2 m栽植密度的風害達53%以上，泡桐Pg耐熱且生長快速，而原生台灣泡桐無法生存。
Annual value of production for mushroom and Androdia cinnamomea in Taiwan is about 8.5 billion NT dollars. The wood powder for this mushroom industry was 310 kilotons a year. With less 1% self-sufficiency ratio, the timber consumption is highly dependent on imports. To support mushroom and timber industries, fast growing trees planted in farm and plain land will become the major sources of logs in future. When industries invest afforestation of Cinnamomum kanehirae for A. cinnamomea fruit, Eucalyptus for mushroom and pulp, and Paulownia for timber, the climate adversity, such as long drought, flooding, and pathogen and insect attacks, will make great threat on these tree species, especially for some species that did not grow in plain. For selection of C. kanehirae with stress tolerance, we propagated the hot tolerant trees growing in plains, and hybrids of C. kanehirae x C. camphor as well. For selection of Eucalyptus, we micro-propagated 2 hybrids of E. urophylla x grandis introduced from China and 5 clones of E. camadulensis that might resist Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti and gall-forming wasps. For selection of Paulownia, we propagated hybrids of P. taiwaniana cross to P. fortunei with witchs’broom tolerance introduced from China. The mass-propagation including tissue cultures and cutting have developed, and thousands of propagules of these clones were produced for afforestation in Kuanfu, Hualien (a 4 ha farm belonging to Taiwan Sugar Corporation), and in Miali (a 1.5 ha fallow land). These two sites were under 3 typhoons (Soulik, Kongrey, Usagi) attack in 2013. Clones with climate adversity were selected, including 2 hybrids of C. kanehirae x C. camphor, and 4 clones of C. kanehirae, 2 hybrids of E. urophylla x E. grandis and 1 clones of E. camaldulensis, and 1 Paulownia hybrids. After one year plantation in stress field, these tree species with stress tolerance were confirmed. C. kanehirae clones increased 20% survival rate. Introduced Eucalyptus clones resist wasps and had the similar biomass as a superior clone without resistance previously selected. Plantation densities at 3x3 m as replaced with 2x2 m used traditionally reduced wind damage up to 58%. Paulownia Pg clone with hot tolerance grew fast compare to non of native Taiwan Paulownia trees survived.
Event(s)
因應氣候變遷及糧食安全之農業創新研究 - 102年度成果發表暨研討會
Agricultural Innovation Studies for Coping with Climate Change and Food Security
Subjects
氣候逆境
耐逆境品系
木材自給率
菇木類用材樹種
Climate adversity
Races with tress tolerance
Self-sufficient rate of timber
Tree species for mushroom and timber
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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