解密荔枝開花機制
Other Title
Unlocking the flowering mechanisms of litchi
Start Page
39
End Page
44
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
農業部農業試驗所
邱亭瑋
Abstract
荔枝為典型受低溫調控開花的亞熱帶果樹，其馴化歷史與不同熟期品種的形成，反映了遺傳背景與環境適應之間的密切關聯。既有研究指出，荔枝開花仰賴冬季低溫訊息，且枝梢成熟程度與涼溫累積共同決定花穗形成的成敗。在分子層次上，成熟葉片中的LcFT1為低溫誘導成花的關鍵因子，其啟動子序列變異與 LcSVP9的抑制作用，可解釋早、晚花品種對低溫敏感度的差異。LcFT1進一步透過如LcSOC1、LcLFY 與LcAP1-2促進莖頂分生組織的成花轉換。而頂芽休眠則受 LcSVP2、LcSMOS1引導的失水調控機制所維持。植物荷爾蒙亦參與其中：離層酸與乙烯參與芽體休眠調節，而細胞分裂素則可促進花芽分化，並影響荔枝的年際表現。最後，基於機器學習與成花誘導區間的研究顯示，溫度仍是決定荔枝開花的核心環境因子，而相關涼溫累積模擬結果可作為氣候變遷影響評估與栽培管理決策的重要依據。
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a subtropical fruit tree whose flowering is typically regulated by low temperature, and the domestication history and the emergence of cultivars with different maturity types reflect a close association between genetic background and environmental adaptation. Previous studies have shown that litchi flowering depends on cool winter temperatures and that both shoot maturation and chill accumulation jointly determine successful panicle formation. At the molecular level, LcFT1 expressed in mature leaves is a key factor in low-temperature-induced floral transition, and variation in its promoter sequence, together with repression by LcSVP9, helps explain cultivar differences in chilling sensitivity. LcFT1 further promotes floral transition in the shoot apex through LcSOC1, LcLFY, and LcAP1-2, whereas bud dormancy is maintained by a dehydration-related regulatory module involving LcSVP2 and LcSMOS1. Plant hormones are also involved: abscisic acid and ethylene participate in bud dormancy regulation, while cytokinins promote floral bud differentiation and influence alternate bearing in litchi. Finally, studies using machine learning and the duration of flower induction indicate that temperature remains the central environmental factor governing litchi flowering, and that the resulting temperature accumulation models and simulations provide an important basis for assessing climate change impacts and orchard management decisions.
Subjects
涼溫需求
LcFT1
成花誘導
植物荷爾蒙
植物生長調節劑
chilling requirement
floral induction
plant hormone
plant growth regulator
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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