水稻數量性狀遺傳之研究(II)秈稉稻品種間之完全組合互交
Other Title
Studies on the Quantitative Inheritance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ⅱ. Diallel Cross of Japonica and Indica Varieties
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
29
Journal Issue
2
Pages
107-114
Date Issued
1980-06-05
Date
1980-06-05
Author(s)
張德梅
Te-Mei Chang
Abstract
本研究係利用兩種秈稻（P1為嘉秈11 號；P2為臺中在來1 號）及兩種梗稻（P3為臺南5 號；P4為臺農67 號）作試驗材料，進行全互交（包括正反雜交及自交）以研究水稻重要數量性狀之遺傳法則。茲將結果簡述如下：
一、水稻之株高、穗長、結實率及千粒重在四個親本間均有極大之遺傳變異量，雜交組合後代亦有極明顯之顯性效果，並且互交間有顯著之差異存在。
二、因各性狀遺傳因子之顯性變方H1大於因子之累加性遺傳變方D （由表4 中之D-Hl 在各性狀均為負值），表示顯性變方較大。又（H1/ D）1/2去表平均顯性程度，除每穗粒數及結實率外，其他四個性狀均大於1，表示完全顯性或超顯性。株高、穗數、每穗粒數及結實率之H1≠H2 ，則示u≠v ，因此，顯性程度有一部分係由顯隱性因子頻度不相等所造成“因KD / KR 在穗長及千粒重等於1，表示顯隱性因子數可能相等，其他四個性狀則否。H2 / H2 ：表示顯性因子數，在各性狀均為1-2 對顯性因子控制顯性程度。
三、秈梗稻雜交後代中，結實率最低之組合為58 % ，最高的組合達82%，而且在產量構成要素中之穗數，每穗粒數及千粒重等，超過高親本而達顯著之組合不少，由以往研究結果、穗數、每穗粒數及千粒重等無自交衰退之現象，而結實率又在世代選拔中有增進之效果，因此，由秈稉稻雜交後代中，可能選出優良之品系。
Two indica varieties (P1 Chianung sen No. 11, P2 = Taichung Native No. 1) and two japonica varieties (P3=Tainan No. 5, P4=Tainung 67) were used as materials in this experiment. Crosses were made between these varieties in accordance with a diallel scheme, including reciprocals and selfing. The purpose was to study the genetic behavior of several important quantitative characters. The results were summarized as follows：
1. The four parents differed significantly in the agronomic characters of plant height, panicle length, seed fertility rate and 1000-grain weight. Dominance effect in these characters was observed in the F1 progenies. Significant differences were also observed among diallel crosses.
2. Dominant variance (H1) for various characters was greater than additive genetic variance (D). The values of (H1/ D)1/2, an expression of degree of dominance, was larger than 1 for many characters investigated except fertility rate and number of spikelet per panicle, suggesting total dominance or over-dominance. For plant height, panicle number, spikelet number and fertility rate, H1≠H2, i. e., u≠v, was recorded, indicating the dominance for these characters was partially contributed by the unequal frequencies of dominant and recessive genes. As KD/KR equals to 1 for panicle length and 1000- grain- weight, an equal number of dominant and recessive genes was therefore possible. Results of h2/H2 indicated that the degree of dominance was controlled by 1-2 pairs of dominant genes for all the characters studied.
3. Seed fertility rate of F1 progenies from ciosses between indica and japonica varieties ranged from 58-82% and could be further increased if selections were made in later generations. The other three yield components, panicle number, number of spikelet per panicle and l000-grain-weight, of F1’s had also been found to be superior to parents in many cases. It is therefore possible to breed new rice varieties through the crosses between indica and japouica varieties in the future.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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