稻種原演化與環境適應性
Other Title
Diversification and Environmental Adaptation of Rice
Journal
環境與稻作生產
Pages
33-51
ISBN
957-02-3913-1
Date Issued
1999-06
Date
1999-06
Author(s)
郭益全
范明仁
Yih-Chuan Kuo
Ming-Jen Fan
Abstract
稻一般多被認為是半水生的一年生作物，雖然稻在熱帶或亞熱帶可存活一如多年生。在分類學上，稻屬於稻屬(Oryza)，約13億年前在超級洲岡瓦納（Gondwana）出現，並隨著岡瓦納碎裂飄散而散佈各大洲。學術上，稻屬有2個栽培種及20（或21）個野生種“亞洲種栽培稻之栽培遍及世界各稻米產區，非洲種則僅在西非有小規模的栽培面積。兩栽培種源自一個共同祖先，而共同具有AA染色體組。多數重要形態及生理特性在長久之栽培與馴化下已發生變化，再加上人類在各區域多樣的氣象、土壤環境及生物逆境下之淘汰、無遠弗屆的散播、散播後對多樣環境之適應等因素，已使稻屬更多樣，品種更豐碩，適應北緯53º至南緯40º廣大區域之栽培。經由評估與鑑定，諸種有用性狀之稻種原已被釐出。
Rice is generally considered a semiaquatic annual plant, although it could survive as a perennial in the tropics or subtropics. Taxonomically, rice belongs to the genus Oryza. The genus Oryza was probably originated about 130 million year ago in Gondwanaland and different species were distributed into different continents with breakup of Gondwanaland. Academically, there are two cultivated and twenty (or twenty-one) wild species of the genus Oryza. The Asian cultivated rice, 0. saliva, is grown all over the world. 0. glaberrima, the African cultivated rice, is grown on a small scale in West Africa. The cultivated species originated from a common ancestor with AA genome. A number of important morphological and physiological changes took place during the long history of cultivation and domestication. Furthermore, selection under diverse climate, edaphic environments and biotic stress frequently in geographically separated areas, dispersal of human to many geographic areas and adaptation to diverse environments have further diversified the genus Oryza and resulted in numerous cultivars. Rice is now grown between 53º to 40º latitudes. Valuable sources of useful traits, evaluated and identified from various rice stock including culitvated and wild species, are enumerated.
Subjects
稻
半水生的一年生作物
稻屬
岡瓦納
亞洲種栽培稻
非洲種栽培稻
Rice
Semiaquatic annual plant
Oryza
Gondwana
O. sativa
O. glaberrima
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所、中華農業氣象學會
Type
book chapter
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