果樹資源開發及利用
Other Title
Fruit Tree Resource Development and Utilization
Start Page
73
End Page
92
ISBN
978-986-03-0128-1
Date Issued
2011-12
Date
2011-12
Author(s)
Abstract
果樹資源的多寡為國力之表現，世界各重要國家對果樹資源之蒐集、保存與利用均極為重視。水果為台灣最重要農產品，遠超過水稻、蔬菜及其他農作物，其生產效益亦高於一般作物。但隨著果樹栽培面積之增加，傳統果樹栽培衍生不少問題，例如品種老舊、病蟲害嚴重、產銷失衡及栽培成本提高等均影響果農收益，雖然已從栽培管理、加工利用及加強行銷等層面解決部分問題，但10餘年來水果總面積及重要傳統果樹栽培面積仍然逐漸減少，筆者認為開發新果樹及利用應為提升果樹栽培及效益之方法。
開發果樹資源過程中，需了解果樹種源之範圍及可能來源、引進優良種源及能適應本地環境。品質須適合國人口味，同時建立快速繁殖之技術，栽培管理之制度及方法，建立周年生產之技術以避免生產過剩。台灣近數十年來對果樹資源之蒐集保存極為重視，各農業研究機關均有其任務及特色果樹，例如：農試所(溫帶果樹)，嘉義分所(亞熱帶果樹，如柑橘、荔枝、鳳梨)、鳳山分所(熱帶果樹，如木瓜、番石榴、芒果等)、香蕉研究所(香蕉)、臺東區農改場(番荔枝科果樹)、高雄區農改場(印度棗、蓮霧)及屏東科技大學(新興熱帶果樹)。但整體而言，近年來未有系統之整合及協調，使果樹資源之開發紊亂且各行其是。
果樹資源的開發成功應建立完整的生產可行性評估，包括從種源的變異廣泛程度、栽培資訊(開花結果習性、病蟲害種類及有機栽培可行性)、繁殖難易(砧木、環境適應性)、利用潛力(消費者風味接受度、採後處理難易)及行銷策略等，全方位進行可行性探討，決定發展優先順序，如此將更能有效發展新興作物，排除個人主觀及偏見。
果樹除傳統以鮮食方式直接利用其果實以外，近年在加工利用、營養成分、保健價值及醫藥產品提煉上頗受消費者重視，另外在家俱、建築、裝飾、庭園景觀、觀果盆栽的利用及休閒農業等亦扮演重要角色，可說是涵蓋1、2、3級產業。因此，水果之利用性廣泛程度及其附加價值之開發決定果樹未來發展潛力的重要關鍵。
The collections and conservation of fruit resources reflect the development and power of a country. The importance of fruit resources and conservation has been well documented and emphasized by various countries in the world. Fruit production plays important role more than rice, vegetable and other crops and accounted for 36.75% of agricultural products in Taiwan in 2009. Introduction and exploitation of new fruit crops has significantly improved and will also continuously promote fruit industry in Taiwan. However, overproduction, increase of cost and pests has caused the decrease of fruit production area in past 2 decades. Introduction of new variety is one of main factors which will promote future development of fruit industry.
Evaluation of fruit resources includes several steps. Survey of fruit resources contains genetic diversity (flowering/fruit habits, pests, publications, researchers), availability of cultivation practice, propagation, use and marketing. Development of acceptable flavor, rapid propagation, cultural practices and season regulation are required as well.
Fruit resources conservation and research have been conducted in Taiwan mainly locates at Agricultural Research Institute and its two branch stations. However, some important fruit crops are duplicated conserved and studied at other stations and universities as follows: deciduous fruits (TARI, COA), subtropical fruits, citrus, lychee, longan, pineapple (ChiaYi Station, TARI), tropical fruits, papaya, mango, wax apple (FengShan Station, TARI), banana (Taiwan Banana Research Institute), Annona species (Taitung DAIS), Indian jujube, wax apple (Kaoshiung DAIS) and new tropical fruits (Pingtung Tech).
Event(s)
臺灣果樹生產改進與產業策略研討會
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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