台灣柑橘營養管理上的主要問題
Other Title
THE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS PRODUCTION
Journal
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會專集
Pages
253-256
Date Issued
1989-04
Author(s)
葉節耀
Chie-Yauw Yeh
Abstract
柑橘類的作物是我國華南、華中一帶主要的果樹種類，也是本省栽培面積最多的果樹，但因爲必須使用根砧才能達到經濟栽培的目的，因此樹體營養往往受到砧木品種的不同而有差異，同時亦受到穗砧間交互影響的結果，植株對於肥料的利用效率及接穗本身營養需要的程度而有相當大的差異性。爲瞭解植株營養狀況選是以葉片分析的技術較爲合理與客觀。目前很多果農都認爲柑園中因有機質太少，而花大筆的人力、金錢、材料在購買、製作及施用有機肥料，但仍沿密植清耕的方式栽培，年年須剪定不少枝藥，無形中損失不少的資本形同浪費。本省雖有接近3000mm的年雨量，但有一段時間是非常明顯的旱季，植株不易吸收到水分，因此對根群所在的養分也難以吸收利用，嚴重者甚至提早落葉，浪費不少樹體的營養，造成本省柑橘產量低成本高的原因之一。此外，本省的柑橘產區大部份在淺山區土壤呈酸性反應者馬多，僅沿海產區呈鹼性反應，故導致土壤中養分無法吸收或吸收不良。因此柑橘植株的營養管理工作，首先須解決全年性水分特續供應的問題及土壤調整到最佳的酸鹼度，以提高各種肥料養分的吸收率，以達到降低生產成本，提高產量品質的目的。
Citrus is the major fruit trees in south and central China. Rootstocks are widely used in commercial production. The tree nutrition is affected by the varieties of rootstocks and the interaction between scion and rootstock. Leaf analysis is a rational method for the daignosis of tree nutrition. Many farmers spent a lot of labor and money for improving the organic matter content of orchard. Annual rainfall is rather high in Taiwan, but a long period of dry season is occurred. The fruit tree could not absorb enough water and nutrition resulted in leaf dropping during dry season. The overapplication of nutrition in fruit tree is the major reason of high production cost, meanwhile the citrus mostly grown at the acid soil area, esulted in the deficiency of nutrition. Nutritional management of citrus is focused on the continus supply of water and soil acidity to increase the absorbtion rate of nutrition and promote in yield and quality.
Event(s)
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會
Proceedings of a Symposium on Fruit Tree Nutrition and Orchard Soil Management
Publisher
臺中區農業改良場
Type
conference paper