半矮稻遺傳之研究
Other Title
Genetic Studies on Semi-Dwarf Rice
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
19
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
1
End Page
10
Date Issued
1970-12-01
Date
1970-12-01
Author(s)
張德梅
Te-mei Chang
Abstract
為分析半矮稻之遺傳因子及有關問題以作實際育種之依據，乃利用由放射線誘致的矮稻計14系統及未處理之新品種6種作為雜交親本。14種矮稻品種與正常品種雜交後F1均為正常，F2則顯示3正常：1矮之比率，當兩種矮稻互交時，F1為正常，F2則分離為9正常：3矮-I型：3矮-Ⅱ型：1特矮稻型」，故特矮稻型為雙隱性矮稻（Double recesoive dwarf）其遺傳因子型為d1 d2。各矮稻遺傳因子與其他因子間之連鎖關係，除H106為d42而外，其他d各系統之連鎖關係尚未明暸。
當矮稻系統間（D-242-2×D-27-9, D-8-1×D-242-2）彼此雜交時，株高、穗數、分蘗數、穗長等數量性狀在F2呈雙峯曲線（Bimodal Curve）之分離，若由二舉之間分開時，則呈9:7之分離比，表示由於兩對遺傳因子之互補作用之結果。就分離比及相關關係來看，認為此等數量性狀之遺傳可能更受矮稻遺傳因子之多種效果之影響。
經計算結果，株高、穗長之遺傳率甚高，介於40~95%，但分蘗數及穗數則較低，介於0-55%，因雜交組合而不同；遺傳相關亦因雜交組合不同而異；環境相關受環境之影響很大。本研究所得環境及遺傳相關及各性狀之遺傳率資料，可作為矮稻育種選拔時之依據。
Sixteen semi-dwwarf mutants of rice induced by irradiation were analyzed regarding number and types of genes involved. It was found that each dwarf strain is controlled by a single recessive gene. When two dwarf strains were crossed, F1 was normal, F2 segregated into 9 normal: 3 dwarf-I: 3 dwarf-II: 1 new dwarf. It is suggested that different semi-dwarf strains carry different dwarf genes which have cumulative effect on plant height, so that the new dwarf is considered to be double recessive.
Agronomic characters such as plant height, panicle number, number of tiller, panicle length etc. were studied with the F2 segregating populations. A 9:7 ratio regarding the above characters were found. Based on the segregation ratios and correlation coefficients between characters, it was assumed that dwarf gene d may have pleiotropic effect on above mentioned characters. Heritability of these characters was high ranging from 40 to 95%, indicating that selection for these characters is effective. Lower heritability value for tiller and panicle number ranging from 0-55% were estimated. Since the number of tiller and panicle are contributing factors to yielding ability selection must be very careful for these two characters in breeding high yielding rice varieties.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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