Guarding and Arresting Behavioral Responses of Males Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acarina: Tetranychidae) to the Conspecific and Heterospecific Females
Other Title
雄二點葉蟎（Tetranychus urticae Koch) 及神澤葉蟎（Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida ) (Acarina: Tetranychidae）對同種及異種雌蟎之護衛及拘留行為
Journal
中華昆蟲
Journal Volume
15
Journal Issue
2
Pages
137-148
Date Issued
1995-06
Author(s)
Sheuan-Ping Shiue
Chain-Ing T. Shih
Kui-Fang Pai
薛烜坪
施劍鎣
白桂芳
Abstract
Within 1, 2 and 5 hours, the female-teleiochrysalid-guarding (FTG) rates of Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSM) and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (KSM) increased with incremental druation of con-and hetero-specific pairing. Conspecifically copulated females produced two-third of fertilized eggs but heterospecifically copulated ones produced no fertilized eggs. Pairing for 2 hours, both males of TSM and KSM behaved more aggressively on con-than hetero-specific female guarding (CFTG and HFTG). From the responses of the males to the pheromones, KSM males seem to be able to identify a broader spectrum of pheromones than TSM males do or female-teleiochrysalis (FT) of TSM releases a more diversiform pheromones than KSM does. Competing for CFTG, TSM did not show a higher detained FTG rate than KSM did, and both rival males played interrupting, agonistic and replacing behavior against detained males and a co-guarding behavior. Replacing rate by the intruding rival males to HFTG males was higher to CFTG ones (TSM：χ^2＝8.50, df＝2; KSM：χ^2＝23.16, df＝12) and the detained males usually mated first with the guarded females. At the presences of both female species, TSM males' FTG rates were 41.7% on CFT and 48.3% on HFT, but KSM males showed no difference on guarding rates between CFTG and HFTG after 12 hours of pairing. Both species demonstrated mate-first behavior by which TSM males mated 47.8% of CF and 28.6% of HF while KSM males mated 66.7% and 72.2% of CF and HF, respectively. In conclusion, TSM male performs a high CFTG rate, the low surrender and replace rate to the rival males, and a higher mate-first strategy to the intruding females. Therefore, TSM seems to retain a higher intraspecific communication and affinity between the males and the females to have a higher advantage in competition against KSM. With a higher tropism to both CFT and HFT, a higher HFTG rate and a higher tendency of mate-first behaviors of KSM than TSM, KSM competed superiorly with TSM in postponding best copulating time and chance and wasting the copulation energy of heterospecific females. Consequently, these two ecological homologous spider mites performed different inter-and intra-specific mating behavior to have their advantage in competition.
雄二點葉蟎 (Tetranychus urticae Koch, TSM)及神澤葉蟎 (Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, KSM) 於1, 2及5小時配對後，對靜止期雌終若蟎 (Female-teleiochrys-alis, FT) 之護雌率 (FT guarding rate, FTGR) 隨配對時間之增長而增高。同種間交尾後雌蟎產2/3之受精卵，異種間之交尾雌蟎卵不會受精。該二種雄葉蟎對同種雌之FTGR高於異種。雄葉蟎在Y-型嗅覺反應管內對他端同種或異種FT之正趨性反應顯示KSM雄蟎似可識別由雌蟎釋放之較寬廣之性費洛蒙物質或TSM雌蟎釋放較多種之費洛蒙物質。二種不同種雄葉蟎同時競爭一同種或異種FT時，雄TSM獲第一護雌位 (雄蟎趴踞在FT背之護雌位) 率不顯著高於雄KSM，後抵達之雄蟎或失去第一護雌位之雄蟎行“共同護雌行為”。第一護雌位之雄蟎會優先與受護衛之雌蟎交尾。情敵雄蟎對同種護雌之雄蟎之干擾及取代率高於異種、且隨種之不同而有顯著之差異 (TSM：χ^2＝8.50, df＝2; KSM：χ^2＝23.16, df＝2)。當二不同種雄蟎同時與FT存在2或12小時，雄TSM對同種及異種護雌率分別為43.3-41.7%及36.7-48.3%，雄KSM對同異種雌蟎之護雌率間差異不顯著(30%)。在第一護雌位之TSM及KSM雄蟎對另一隻接近之同種或異種新熟化處女雌蟎，均會先放棄其護雌位而與接近之同種雌蟎交尾，再迅速恢復其護雌位；此種“交尾第一(mate-first)”行為，在TSM雄蟎對同種雌之交尾率(47.8%)高於異種雌者(28.6%)，而KSM雄蟎對同種及異種“交尾第一”行為則分別高達66.7%及72.2%。總而言之，TSM雖不具較高之同種護雌行為，但對同種FT釋放之費洛蒙有較高的正趨反應率，當共同競爭同一FT時，TSM雄蟎獲雌位率及優先交尾率高於KSM，雄TSM具較高優先選擇同種FT進行護衛及有情敵競爭及行取代時或另有雌蟎接近時，雄TSM具較低放棄第一護同種雌位給情敵並會優先與接近之另一同種雌蟎交尾再恢復其護雌位等行為觀之，TSM較KSM在其雌雄蟎間具較高的種內溝通性 (Intraspecific com-munication)，親和力 (affinity) 及同種間優先交尾等特性；至於KSM則對異種雌蟎有較高趨性，FTG率及交尾第一行為等觀之，其種內親和力等雖低於TSM，但卻能阻撓及浪費TSM之最佳交尾時機及交尾資源。因此，該二種相同生態職位(Ecological homologous species) 之葉蟎，各以不同之種內及種間行為取得競爭優勢。
Subjects
behavior
precopulation
guarding
arrestment
replacing
行為
交尾前
護衛
拘留
取代
Publisher
中華昆蟲學會
Type
journal article