蓮霧之營養及肥培管理
Other Title
NUTRITION AND FERTILIZATION OF WAX APPLE
Journal
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會專集
Pages
119-133
Date Issued
1989-04
Author(s)
王德男
Der-Nan Wang
Abstract
促進開花及提高品質爲本省蓮務生產二大目標，其成敗與土質、肥培管理及植邕營養狀況等關係極爲密切。本文回顧過去本省在蓮霧園所作之土壤調查、葉片及果實分析及田間肥料試驗之結果，作爲提早開花及提高品質技術改進之參考。
本省蓮霧土壤多屬酸性，有機質含量多低於2.4％，土壤pH值及鈣、鎂、錳等含量與果實糖度呈極顯著之正相關，有機質及鉀、鈉含量亦有相同趨勢；但磷含量與果實糖度則呈負相關。果汁中磷、鎂、鈉及鉀含量與果實糖度呈極顯著之正相關。
蓮霧葉片分析之取樣適期為12～1月間開花期，取樣部位爲樹冠中層成熟新梢中間葉片之基部最具代表性，不同方位間無顯著差異；不同品種間以綠色種之葉片各種無機養分含量較高（氮、鎂、錳均達5％類著）；不同樹齡間差異不顆著；各元素之季節變化均有相同趨勢_氮、磷、鉀濃度自一月起上昇而鈣濃度則下降；不同地區蓮霧園間氮、磷、鋅濃度差異不顯著，但鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳濃度則互有不同程度之差異；由土壤、葉片及果實三者元素含量之關係_ 在土壤元素含量與葉片元素含量間各元素除鈉呈負相關外，氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂則無相關未達顯著標準；在葉片及果實元素含量間氮、磷、鉀、鎂等元素均呈負相關，尤以磷在葉片及果質中之含量與果實糖度均呈極顯著負相關，可見蓮霧之施肥期、施肥量及各種養分間之平衡對果實品質影響很大。又蓮霧經催花前各種耕作處理（斷根、浸水、環狀剝皮、敲頭）後，葉片中鈣濃度顯著降低10～40%，顯示耕作處理後宜迅速補充樹體鈣肥。
蓮霧園田間數種肥料試驗顯示催花時葉片氮素含量與催花率呈負相關，但氮肥變級對產量影響不大，對果實糖度反以重氮區為高。施用43號複合肥料可提高蓮霧果實糖度8.6%，也可提高士壤及葉片中鎂含量。同時加施矽酸爐渣、硫酸鎂、粗鹽及噴佈0.2%硫酸錳與0.2%硼砂溶液不但可提高土壤及葉片中各元素含量，且對提高蓮霧果實糖度效果最好。
How to induce flower initiation and how to improve fruit quality are to important techniques concerning wax apple production in Taiwan. Their success are closely related to the character of soil, fertilization and nutritional condition of plants. The objectives of this paper was to review the results of soil investigation, field fertilization and leaf or fruit analysis in the hope that the findings can be used to induce flower initiation and improve fruit quality of wax apple in the future.
In Taiwan, most of the soil are acidic. The content of organic matter in siol was lower than 2.4%. There was a significant positive relationship between sugar content of fruits and pH value of soil as well as contents of calcium, magnesium and manganese in soil. A positive correlation was also found between fertilizer application and contents of sodium and potassium in soil. Besides, a negative relationship between sugar content of fruits and content of phosphorus, a significant positive correlation was found between sugar of fruits and contents of phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium in juice.
The best sampling season for the analysis of wax apple leaves was the flowering stage between December and January. The best sampling position was the basal portion of middle leaves of mature flush in the middle layer of trees. There was no difference between directions. Among varieties, the green variety contained the hignest of inorganic nutrients in leaves (nitrogen, magnessium and manganese reached 5% significance). However. there was no difference between tree ages. Each element had same changing pattern according to different seasons --concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium went up from January, whereas concentration of calcium went down in the same time. The difference of concentrations of N, P, Zn in different areas was not significant. However, the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn in different areas was significant. The relationship of element contents in soil, leaves and fruits a negative correlation for Na but bear no relation to N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in soil and leaves. A negative relationship for N, P, K, and Mg was found between leaves and fruits. Moreover, a significant negative relationship between sugar content of fruits and P concentration in leaves as well as in fruits was reported. Date of fertilizer application, amount of fertilizer and balance of different elements greatly affected the quality of fruits. After some cultural treatments (root pruning, waterlogging, girdling and scoring) before flower forcing the concentration of calcium in leaves decreased 10-40%. The result also showed that it was necessary to add calcium immediately after cultural treatments.
Results from fertilizer experiments showed that there was a negative relationship between rate of flowering and contents of nitrogen in leaves. Different amounts of nitrogen applicalions did not affect the yields. However, sugar content of fruits was higher in high nitrogen application treatment. A treatment with complex fertilizer No. 43 could increase the sugar content of fruit (8.6%) as well as sodium content in soil and leaves. Application of silica, magnesium sulfate as well as crude salt and spray with 0.2% manganese sulfate plus 0.2% borie acid not only increased element concentrations in soil and leaves but also raised sugar content of fruits.
Event(s)
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會
Proceedings of a Symposium on Fruit Tree Nutrition and Orchard Soil Management
Publisher
臺中區農業改良場
Type
conference paper