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  3. 1950~迄今(農業試驗所出版品)
  4. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research / 台灣農業研究(1950~迄今)
  5. 臺灣蚜蟲寄生蜂及其繁殖
 
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臺灣蚜蟲寄生蜂及其繁殖

Other Title
Aphid Parasites and Their Propagation in Taiwan
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
24
Journal Issue
3-4
Start Page
62
End Page
84
Date Issued
1975-12-08
Date
1975-12-08
Author(s)
劉清淳
Ching-Shen Liu
DOI
10.29951/JARC.197512.0008
URI
https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/13617
Abstract
蚜蟲寄生蜂是生物防治上控制蚜蟲蟲口的主要寄生天敵,本省經濟作物上採得的種類約有四十餘種,寄生於五十餘種不同的蚜蟲寄主,其分佈依季節,環境、寄主植物及蚜蟲有異,食性與蚜蟲的寄主範圍有關,專食性者受植物及蚜蟲營養的限制分歧較少,廣食性者由植物營養的連鎖性及蚜蟲改變其寄主隨而增廣食性。寄生方法以滲透方式吸取寄主營養,寄生後期方破壞寄主生殖系統及其他重要部位。尋找寄主先以植物的顏色,再以蚜蟲的味道線索及觸覺等尋著寄主,寄主適應決定於寄生蜂卵上附著的脂肪酸類型,此酸間接由寄生蜂母代寄主及植物的營養來源而異。 影響寄生蜂自然發生的因子頗多,重複寄生蜂可分外寄生如Dondrocerus (Ceraphronidae), Asaphes (Pteromalidae), Coruna (Pt.), Pachyneuron (Pt.)及Euneura (Pt.);與內寄生如Charips (Cynipidae), Alloxys (Cyn.)及Aphidencyrtus (Encyrtidae),均屬於廣食性者,甚至有些廣及粉蝨、介殼蟲的寄生蜂及草蜻蛉、瓢蟲、食蚜虻及癭蠅的蛹,其出現時期在蚜蟲發生後期較多。螞蟻以Formica及Lasius二類較常干擾寄生蜂的產卵行為,故生物防治上須注意其與寄生蜂之間的生態適應情形。天敵的競爭,捕食天敵一併取食蚜蟲內的寄生蜂情形,在生物防治立場並無大礙,而寄生蜂之間的競爭,防治上宜選擇優越的種類為繁殖對象,蚜蟲因寄主而大量遷移的習性終斷蚜蟲為主的生態系統,可用栽培中間寄主及輪割收成方式補救。氣候因子如氣溫影響繁殖之速率,風雨影響成蟲產卵行為亦須加考慮。 寄生蜂繁殖工作包括寄主植物栽培,蚜蟲飼育及寄生蜂繁殖等主要事項。植物以培養液砂土方式栽培,利用毛細管供應水分,光照18小時,溫度22℃,控制蚜蟲密度於不太高的情形下,有利於無翅型蚜蟲的大量繁殖。寄生蜂接種於箱內五天後,視寄生過的蚜蟲呈透明之初期乾屍時,將其採下收集,置低溫(5℃)中保存可達數月。寄生蜂運送至田間宜用低溫箱,避免高溫引起死亡,且須備蜜水以飼餵羽化的成蜂,釋放前項調查田間寄主的存在,是否足夠供寄生蜂生存及增量,釋放時宜擇晴朗午前較佳,位置選在遮蔭處。 Aphidiids (Aphid parasites) are a group of important parasitoids for controlling aphids. Through several years of investigation in this island, about forty species of aphidiids were recorded and with ecological notes for the further study. The intent of this review to present a aphid parasite knowledge to the applied entomologist in this island working on aphid biological control. This paper included a general discussion about the aphids in Taiwan, which consisted of the introduction to the usually occurring parasites on the economic crops, a. list of parasites and aphids relationship, ecological bases (distribution, evolution, parasitism and behavior), regulating. factors (hyperparasites, ants, competitors, host migration and climatic factors) and practical method for mass rearing.
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農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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