溫度與寄主植物對棉蚜發育、存活和繁殖之影響
Other Title
Influence of temperature and host plant on the development, survivorship, and reproduction of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
44
Journal Issue
4
Pages
317-327
Date Issued
2002-12
Date
2002-12
Author(s)
Abstract
本研究在珍珠拔品種番石榴（Psidium guajava L.）、紫花霍香薊（Ageratumhoustonianum Mill.）及大花咸豐草（Bidens pilosa L.） 三種寄主植物葉片上，分別進行10、15、20、25 及30℃五種定溫下生活史觀察試驗，以比較棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glove 在三種寄主植物上之成蚜體長、從出生至開始繁殖發育所需時間、發育期死亡率及每隻母蚜子蚜產數隨溫度改變之變化型態差異。在35℃三種植物上，棉蚜皆死亡，而在10℃番石榴上，所有個體皆於發育期內死亡。在紫花霍香薊及大花咸豐草上，於15-30℃溫度範圍內，棉蚜成蟲體長隨溫度增加而減小，在番石榴上，則於20-30℃溫度範圍內呈現此變化關係。在三種植物上，棉蚜從出生至開始繁殖發育所需時間都與溫度成正向變化關係，於25℃達最適溫，至30℃下降或減緩。在番石榴葉片上，於25℃最短為5.1 天，15℃最長為18.9 天；在大花咸豐草上，於25℃最短為6.1 天，10℃最長為22.8 天，在紫花霍香薊上，25℃為4.5 天，30℃下卻稍短為4.4 天，10℃最長為25.2 天。棉蚜未成熟期死亡主要在10℃發生，其死亡率分別為：番石榴之100%、大花咸豐草之10%及紫花霍香薊上之23%。部份成蚜個體在10 及15℃無法繁殖。棉蚜一生平均子蚜產數，在番石榴30℃只產5.8 隻，以25℃最高達36.5 隻；大花咸豐草30℃只產8.7 隻，20℃最高達35.1 隻；紫花霍香薊10℃只產9.4 隻，20℃最高達49.9 隻。綜合而言，棉蚜在紫花霍香薊葉片上之各種溫度下，有發育速率最快、發育時間最短、存活最高和子蚜產數最大之最佳表現。相對而言，在低溫10 及15℃部份，棉蚜整體表現以在番石榴葉片上最差；但在25℃及部份30℃表現則以在大花咸豐草上最差。本研究應用之數學方程式對發育速率及生殖率隨溫度變化關係有良好之模擬能力。
The development, survival, and reproduction of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera, Aphididae) were evaluated at five constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, on three host plants, Psidium guajava L., Bidens pilosa L., and Ageratum houstonianum Mill. All cotton aphids died in the nymphal stage at 10 °C on P. guajava, and also at 35 °C on all three host plants. Adult body length decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 30 °C on A. houstonianum and B. pilosa, and from 20 to 30 °C on P. guajava. The developmental periods to the age of the first larviposition ranged from 5.1 days at 25 °C to 18.9 days at 15 °C on P. guajava, from 6.1 days at 25 °C to 22.8 days at 10 °C on B. pilosa, and from 4.4 days at 30 °C to 25.2 days at 10 °C on A. houstonianum. The greatest mortality of immatures occurred at 10 °C, with 100.0% on P. guajava, 10.0% on B. pilosa, and 23.3% on A. houstonianum. Some adult aphids failed to carry out reproduction at 10 and 15 °C. The mean lifetime fecundity per female ranged from 5.8 nymphs at 30 °C to 36.5 nymphs at 25 °C on P. guajava, from 8.7 nymphs at 30 °C to 35.1 nymphs at 20 °C on B. pilosa, and from 9.4 nymphs at 10 °C to 49.9 nymphs at 20 °C on A. houstonianum. It appeared that the cotton aphid had the greatest growth, fastest development, and highest fecundity at most temperatures except at 10 °C on A. houstonianum. In contrast, the cotton aphid showed the poorest performances at 10 and 15 °C on P. guajava, and at 25 °C on B. pilosa. Mathematical equations used in this study adequately described the relationships of developmental rates and fecundities with temperature.
Subjects
棉蚜
發育
死亡率
繁殖
寄主植物
野草
cotton aphid
development
survival
fecundity
host plant
weed
Publisher
中華植物保護學會
Type
journal article
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