氣候變遷下龍眼之催花調適技術及產期調節
Other Title
Flower Induction Adaptation Techniques and Off-season Production Management of Longan under Climate Change
Start Page
87
End Page
99
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
Abstract
臺灣龍眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)產業長年受限於產季過度集中，近年來受到極端氣候導致暖冬開花不良的挑戰。自1998年研究發現氯酸鉀(KClO3)可取代涼溫啟動開花機制後，該技術已在泰國、越南及中國等產區引發產業革命，顯著提升了非季節性的產量。催花的生理與分子機制極為複雜，主要透過四大面向作用：包含荷爾蒙調節，使頂芽細胞分裂素增加並降低吉貝素含量；與此同時改變碳水化合物代謝，增加可溶性糖分以提供能量；再者是引發氧化逆境，產生活性氧訊號以活化開花基因；此外也會抑制硝酸還原酶的活性。在產業應用上，農民可透過土壤灌注、葉面噴施或樹幹注射，彈性調節產期為早熟或反季節生產，藉此規避汛期天災並穩定市場價格。考量到臺灣多為坡地老樹且氯酸鉀具爆炸與毒性風險，用量少的葉面噴灑方式可能是較適合的發展方向，以兼顧催花效果、用藥安全與環境永續。目前研究單位正積極尋求催花藥劑的合法化途徑，如評估使用已登記藥劑氯酸鈉的可行性，並致力於研發穩定的夏季催花技術，目標是達成龍眼的周年生產，進一步強化產業因應氣候變遷的調適韌性。
The longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) industry in Taiwan has long been constrained by an overly concentrated production season and the recent challenges of poor flowering during warm winters caused by extreme climate change. However, since the 1998 discovery that potassium chlorate (KClO3) can substitute for cool temperatures to trigger flowering, this technology has sparked an industrial revolution in regions like Thailand, Vietnam, and China by significantly increasing off-season yields. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of this induced flowering are highly complex, involving hormonal regulation that increases cytokinin while decreasing gibberellin in apical buds, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism to increase soluble sugars, the triggering of oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate flowering genes, and the inhibition of nitrate reductase activity. In terms of industrial application, farmers can employ soil drenching, ditched and then broadcast over the soil, foliar spraying, or trunk injection to flexibly adjust production for early or off-season harvests, thereby avoiding natural disasters during the flood season and stabilizing market prices. Given that Taiwan’s longan cultivation primarily involves old trees on sloped land and that potassium chlorate carries risks of explosion and toxicity, low-dosage foliar spraying appears to be a more suitable developmental direction to balance flowering efficacy, chemical safety, and environmental sustainability. Research institutions are currently pursuing legal pathways for these agents, such as evaluating the feasibility of registered sodium chlorate, while striving to develop stable summer-flowering techniques to achieve year-round production and enhance the industry’s adaptive resilience to climate change.
Subjects
氯酸鉀
周年生產
天然災害
Potassium chlorate
Year-round production
Natural disasters
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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