生物防治在作物病害管理上的應用與發展
Other Title
Development and Application of Biological Control on Crop Disease Management
Journal
植物保護新科技研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第57號
Pages
141-150
ISBN
957-00-7487-6
Date Issued
1996-06
Date
1996-06
Author(s)
羅朝村
Cahur-Tsuen Lo
Abstract
生物防治是一極具潛力的作物病害防治策略之一；亦是永續農業發展的重要一環”由整個生物防治的發展史來看，儘管生物防治在定義上有因個人解釋而略有不同，但在病害防治上，均可歸類成去病(eradication )或保護(Protection )的基本理論；在策略上則可解釋成直接或間接利用微生物來降低作物病害程度(incidence或severity ) 。依據整個植物病原生物防治的進展來看，顯示較具規模的應用與研究，有早期抑病土的發掘與利用；到後來的使用土壤添加物及單一微生物的利用… 等。近年來，由於生物技術的引入，使得人們對生物防治機制、拮抗微生物或病原菌生態學上有了更深一層的瞭解，進而加速了拮抗微生物應用與發展。綜合目前生物防治已成功應用的例子，顯示一個成功的生物防治系統，基本上必須具備下列三個條件：(一)有效的拮抗菌株(二)可大量生產的配方(formulation )與產品；(三)可提供拮抗微生物在適當的環境下，維持活性(viability )及最低生長濃度的傳輸系統(delivery system )。
Biological control is an attractive alternative strategy for the control of crop diseases. It also provides practices compatible with the goal of a sustainable agricultural system. Despite the many definitions accorded biological control, it is a strategy for reducing disease incidence or severity by direct or indirect manipulation of microorganisms. The principle may be eradication of protection, depending on specific tactics involved in promoting biological control. According to evolving concepts of biological control of plant pathogens, there are three main categories including (1) suppressive soils, (2) organic amendments, and (3) introducing single microorganism in application and development of biological control of crop diseases. Recently, we have gotten more data of the mechanisms of biological control of plant pathogens and of ecology of pathogens and antagonists due to introduced biotechnology. These results lead us to the successful biological control of crop diseases. Taken most successful biological control cases together, the basic requirements of a successful system of biological control of plant diseases of other pests are (a) effective biocontrol agnets, (h) production and formulation methods that give rise to high yields of biomass consisting of appropriate efficacious propagules of high viability and stability, and (c) delivery systems that provide a conducive milieu and minimize growth of competitive microflora.
Event(s)
植物保護新科技研討會
Proceeding of A Symposium on New Techniques of Plant Protection
Subjects
生物防治
病害管理
傳輸系統
分生標誌
微生物生態
biological control
crop disease management
delivery system
ecology of pathogen
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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