稻品種間之混植對產量及農藝性狀之影響

邱善美; 黃真生; 鄧耀宗; 許東暉; S.M. Chiu; C.S. Huang; Y.C. Teng; T.H. Hsu

doi:10.29951/JARC.197203.0001

稻品種間之混植對產量及農藝性狀之影響

Other Title

Effects of Mixed Stands of Different Varieties on Grain Yield and Agronomic Characters in Rice

Journal

農業研究

Journal Volume

21

Journal Issue

1

Start Page

1

End Page

10

Date Issued

1972-03-01

Date

1972-03-01

Author(s)

邱善美

黃真生

鄧耀宗

許東暉

S.M. Chiu

C.S. Huang

Y.C. Teng

T.H. Hsu

DOI

10.29951/JARC.197203.0001

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/13214

Abstract

水稻之栽培，慣例都採用純一(Pure line)品種，偶然發現異型植株，均於中耕除草時拔去，以保持品種的純度二而各稻作改良場亦竭盡全力以維護品種之純正為要務，故殊少在同一塊稻田混植二種以上不同之品種，究其目的，除可減少管理上的困擾外，咸認為種植純系品種，可獲得較整齊的產物及安定的收量。然不同品種間具有不同之形態、生理及其他如抗病性、抗蟲性等特性，故基於植物所具有不同之特性，就生理生態學的觀點言，品種間之混植是否較種植單一品種為有利，值得探討。有關稻品種間之混植試驗，Sakai氏(1953)，曾以四種梗稻及三種秈稻作混植及單植試驗，結果認為株重、單株穗數和穗重等三性狀，秈稻之競爭力大於稉稻。秈稉混植，稉稻之株重不如稉稻單獨植時大，但秈稻則較其單獨種植時為大。湯氏(1970)以五種稉稻及五種秈稻品種為材料，各以一秈、稉稻組成一組合(Combination)，各組內分單植區及混植區二種，結果顯示：(a) 穗長、千粒重及結實率等性狀，不因秈稉稻品種之混植而發生變化。(b) 株高、穗重、穗數及單株空粒數等性狀在剛混植時不發生競爭，但隨混植年代之增加而漸發生競爭現象。(c) 單株充實粒數、每穗粒數、藁重、單株產量及單株總粒數等五性狀皆因不同因子型混植而發生生長競爭。(d) 特殊競爭現象，發生於每穗粒數及千粒重。由該試驗結果，顯示秈稉稻品種混植時，秈稻之生長競爭力強於稉稻。趙氏(1970)以稻熱病感應性不同之水稻品種或雜種集團，分別用二個或三個純系品種以1:1與1:1:1混合栽培，以測定對稻熱病罹病性之試驗，結果認為以抗或中抗級品種與中感或感級品種之混合集團，其罹病率均高於抗病品種，但低於感病品種，抗級品種與感級品種混合，其罹病率較中抗級品種與感級品種組合為低。本舉行試驗之目的，在利用同型之稉稻三品種，作不同苗數之混植，以比較混植與否對產量及各主要農藝性狀之影響。 It’s commonly known to the rice growers that the use of pure strain of rice variety may lead to a uniform product and relatively consistent yield. The pure variety, however, is often less flexible in adaptation to different environments. The mixed variety is considered to be more flexible and might be a possible alternative to the pure variety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of grain yield and agronomic traits caused by mixed stands of different varieties. Three Ponlia rice varieties, Taichung 65 (A), Taipei 309 (B), and Tainung 60 (C) were used as the experimental materials. The mixed stands were made at the time of transplanting according to the reatments. There were 13 treatments, including 3 pure stands and 10 mixed stands. Nine mixed stands were by combining each two of the three varieties in three possible ways and with each combination to have a ratio of seedlings of diffevent varieties per hill to be 2:4, 3:3, and 4:2. The remaining one was by combining three varieties in a 2:2:2 ratio. The randomized complete block design was used, with 3 replications. The spacings of row and hill were, respectively, 25 cm. and 20 cm. in a 7.7 m2. plot. The total amount of N-P2O5-K2O applyed were 80-60-60 kg/ha. Number of panicles per m2., length and weight of panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, percentage of filled grains, weight of 1,000 grains, and grain yield were recorded in both 1st and 2nd rice crop in 1970. The results were summarized below: Taipei 309 (B), in pure stand, was superior to Taichung 65 (A) and Tainung 60 (C) in 1,000 grain wight, percentage of filled grains. and grain straw ratio; but, Tainung 60 had a reatively higher number of grains per plant. The mixed stands exhibited almost intermediate in these traits with their corresponding pure stands. For example, the mixed stands including Tainung 60, which had the lowest number of panicles per m2, percpure entage of filed grains, and 1,000 grain weight, got these traits improved somewhat in comparison to the pure stand. The yield differences among 13 treatments were highly significant in the 1st crop due to the significant yield differences among three pure stands and three mixed stands including the varieties, Taichung 65 and Taipei 309. The 13 treatments though did not show significant yield differences in the 2nd crop, the differences in yield among three pure stands were highly significant. Taipei 309, in pure stand, was always the highest yielder and Tainung 60 was the lowest. The mixed stand including Taipei 309 always showed higher yielding ability tan other mixed stands, but still lower than its pure stand. Any missed stands including Tainung 60 tended to have lower yield. The results indicates that so far as the three varieties studied, there is no practical value to grow mixed variety instead of using pure stand of Taipei 309, unless significant environmental change favorable to other two varieties occurs.

Publisher

農業試驗所

Type

journal article

File(s)

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Format

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