栽培密度對高粱產量性狀之影響
Other Title
Influence of Planting Density on the Yield Charaeteristics of Sorghum
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
38
Journal Issue
2
Pages
201-207
Date Issued
1989-06-05
Date
1989-06-05
Author(s)
王強生
林淑雰
劉大江
C.S. Wang
S.F. Lin
D.J. Liu
Abstract
試驗以高粱臺中五號為材料，1985年秋作與1986年春作以每公頃40萬、20萬與10萬株之密度栽培，198年春作以每公頃40萬、33萬、25萬與20萬株之密度試驗，收穫後續行宿根栽培，探討對產量性狀表現的影響。1985／86年試驗結果發現單株產量雖因疏植而提高，但公頃子粒產量依族羣密度增加而提高，秋作產量又高於春作；公頃株數為40萬株處理之產量在春作為9.7 t/ha，秋作為14.5 t/ha；春、秋作慣行栽培之20萬株處理產量分別為6.9與11.0 t/ha。密植增產的主因為單位面積粒數增多，千粒重之影響居次。1987年春作密植雖亦有提高產量的趨勢，但以配合重氮肥處理之效應較為顯著，且增產幅度小於1985／86年之結果；密值增產亦為單位面積穗數與粒數增加所致，千粒重的影響不大。宿根作高梁單位面積產量對栽培密度的反應較不明顯，但單株產量則極顯著隨疏植而增加。宿根作子粒產量極高，各處理之產量達14-17 t/ha之間，亦即適於密植栽培；但氮肥施用量對宿根高梁產量之影響較不明顯，有關肥力問題猶待確定。綜合而言，臺中五號高粱品種具有極高的生產潛力，再生能力強，耐密植而不倒伏，現行栽培密度應有再予提高的可能。
Sorghum hybrid Taichung No. 5 was grown in the fall crop of 1985 and spring crop of 1986 at three planting densities, i. e., 400,000, 200,000 and 100,000 plants/ha. In the spring crop of 1987, sorghum was cultivated at row-spacings of 25, 30, 40 and 50cm, with between-plant spacing of 10cm. Two N rates, i. e., 600 and 900 kg ammonium sulphate per hectare were also included in the experiment. Ratoon crop was followed after the harvest of the spring crop with a design including N fertilization rates of 600 and 1,200 kg ammonium sulphate per hectare. In the 1985/86 experiment, significant increase of grain yield was associated with increasing planting densities. Among various yield components, panicle number or grain number per unit area was considered the most important in affecting grain yield, whereas 1,000-kernel-weight showed less influence. Similar effect was found in the spring crop of 1987, but only when heavey N fertilization was included in the cultural system. Grain yield per hectare but not per plant of the ratoon crop did not respond significantly to planting density. The main cause was that higher number of plant per unit area was not able to compensate lower yield plant in the dense-planting treatment, hence a higher yield per hectare was not observed. Very high grain yield was recorded in the ratoon crop, which indicated that dense planting was probably suitable for ratoon culture of sorghum. On the other hand, N fertilization treatments showed little effect on grain yield. The relationship between soil fertility and ratoon crop yield remained to be clarified. Results derived from this experiment suggested that hybrid Taichung No. 5 is very high in yielding potential and ratoon ability. It is dwarf and resistant to lodging and hence is suitable to be cultured under high population density.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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