影響落花生冠腐病發病之因子及其防治研究
Other Title
Factors Influencing the Development of Peanut Crown Rot Caused by Aspergillus niger and the Measures for Disease Management
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
31
Journal Issue
2
Pages
144-154
Date Issued
1982-06-07
Date
1982-06-07
Author(s)
林益昇
Yi-Sheng Lin
Abstract
本研究測定影響落花生冠腐病發病之因子，並發展有效之防治方法。花生收穫剝殼時，花生仁表面污染Aspergillus niger，帶菌率可達100%，但為無效感染源。經過一年以上之儲存，部份污染外表之病菌，可感染種子胚部之子葉及胚軸，成為重要接種源，引起幼苗期病害，且無法以溫水浸種方法除去。土壤顆粒之A. nige含量（propagules/g soil）與發病無關，接種源需要營養基（food base）增加接種源潛勢（inoculum potential），才能引發病害。田間試驗顯示，以菌絲塊、小麥接種源或混雜玉米桿於田土等方法行接種試驗，在有傷口及乾旱的條件下，皆可引發病害，然而在花生播種後21 天內維持田間灌水，使土壤達田問含水量之溼度（-1 / 3 bars 左右），即可防治本病害。灌水措施可提高土壤及植物各部之水潛勢，而乾燥處理之土壤，導管及莖冠部組織之水潛勢，分別為-6.4、-3.1及-8.41 bars，而灌水措施者，則分別為-0.5、-0.7及-5.8 bars。
Factors influencing the development of peanut crown rot was investigated and the control measures were developed and recommended. During hand-shelling, surface of almost all peanut kernels might be contaminated with Aspergillus niger which was, however, a nonfunctional inoculum under this condition. When the contaminated seeds were stored for more than one year. A. niger might penetrate the seed coat (testa) and infect the cotylendons and embryonic axis, and became the important inoculum of crown rot in peanut seedlings. The inoculum could not be eliminated by seed treatment with hot water at temperatures up to 60°C without damaging seed germination. The density of A. niger in soil particles (propagules/g) had no effect on the occurrence of the disease. A. niger needed food base to increase the inoculum potential to cause crown rot of peanut. Field inoculation experiments showed that peanut plants might be killed by using mycelium mat, wheat inoculum or corn stalk as inoculum under dry condition (water stress) with wounded crown. However, irrigation of peanut field to maintain moisture at field capacity (-1/3 bars) within 21 days after planting could protect the plants from severe damage caused by A. niger. The water potentials of soil, xylem and crown tissue were -6.4, -3.1 and -8.4 bars in dry plots, and -0.5, -0.7 and -5.8 bars in irrigated plots, respectively.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
journal_arc_31-2-7.pdf
Size
2.4 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):e54fd81cd718a04361270b47ae0ec200