世界荔枝產業狀況、困境及對策
Other Title
The Global Lychee Industry: Its Current State, Challenges, and Countermeasures
Start Page
10
End Page
26
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
Abstract
本文綜述全球荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)產業之生產現況、品種利用、國際貿易及面臨的產業困境，並以中國大陸為例探討發展對策。目前全球荔枝年產量約 400 萬公噸，其中中國、印度及越南合計產量占全球 90% 以上。受到果實極不耐貯藏及各產區國內需求龐大影響，全球荔枝的出口貿易量僅占總產量不到5%。全球產業正面臨四大挑戰：優勢品種導致採收期過於集中、氣候變遷引發產量不穩定、採後損失率高(20%–40%)，以及勞動力短缺導致生產成本攀升。為應對上述問題，中國大陸近年積極推動產業轉型與科技升級。在品種策略上，透過選育低需冷量、耐貯運及極早或極晚熟品種來優化產期結構並提升市場溢價；在育種技術上，利用基因體學與分子標記輔助選種，顯著縮短育種週期並精準選拔開花與品質性狀；在採後與自動化方面，發展 AI 影像辨識、液氮速凍與集成化物理控制冷鏈，有效降低損耗並擴大外銷潛力。這些因應對策可供全球其他生產區域作為產業升級之參考。
Lychee (Litchi chinensis) originated in southern China and Southeast Asia and has now spread to about 20 countries worldwide. Global annual lychee production is estimated at 4 million tons, with over 95% produced in the Northern Hemisphere. China, India, and Vietnam are the top three producers. However, due to the fruit's extreme perishability and huge domestic demand in each producing region, global lychee exports account for less than 5% of total production. Currently, the global lychee industry faces four core challenges: First, the over-reliance on a single commercially cultivated variety leads to a highly concentrated harvest period, resulting in production and sales pressure; second, global warming causes warmer winters, leading to unstable yields; third, lychees are highly susceptible to browning and rotting after harvest, with post-harvest losses often exceeding 20%; and finally, labor shortages and continuously rising production costs. To address these issues, optimization of variety structures by promoting cultivars with low chilling requirements and superior shippability to extend the supply window and secure market premiums. In genomic research, key genes for flowering and ripening are identified, and molecular marker technology is used to significantly shorten the breeding cycle. In addition, the industry is actively developing cryogenic freezing (LNIF), AI-powered intelligent inspection and sorting, and deep learning-based automated harvesting robots, aiming to reduce losses, alleviate labor dependence, and enhance industrial competitiveness through technological innovation.
Subjects
荔枝
產期優化
氣候韌性
精準育種
採後處理
Litchi
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Variety Optimization
Climate Resilience
Precision Breeding
Postharvest Handling
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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