水稻精準農業(耕)體系之關鍵要素與科技
Journal
水稻精準農業(耕)體系之研究
Part Of
Studies on Precision Farming System for Rice
Pages
15-24
ISBN
957-02-5829-2
Date Issued
2000-04
Date
2000-04
Author(s)
楊純明
Chwen-Ming Yang
Abstract
人類的農藝史係一段長期實際耕作加上經驗累積與不斷改良的發展歷程，對於可耕地的耕作方法傳統上在同一塊農田採用一致性(uniform)的耕犛、施肥、播種與病蟲害管理等作業，完全忽略了天然和人為連續性處理引起農田各定點的時空變異。長期下來，農田的諸種環境問題必然逐一衍生，例如土壤營養元素不均衡、酸鹼值不對、人造化學品殘毒累積、及化學毒物自農田的滲流與排放等，導致土質劣化而不利於農作生產。自二十世紀末起環保意識大大抬頭，精準農業理念的倡導亦因運而起，迅速而廣泛的受到世界各地重視，各種實務性的作扶也開始試驗性的展開，逐漸的形成較為完整的理論與作業系統。精準農業或稱精準農耕、特定地點農耕、處方式農耕、變異率應用技術等，由知係一正在發展中融合多元學術領域之嶄新現代化農業應用科技，發展歷史甚短迄今僅約二十年。精準農業簡要的說就是瞭解與關懷農田（土壤與農作物）的想法和作法，提供同步提升作物品質及環境保護機會而達到永續精準管理農業系統之目的。成功實施精準農業之關鍵要素為資訊(information)、科技(technology)、及經營管理(management)等三項，相關統合型科技為特定農田管理與決策支援系統(site-specific management & decision support system)、遙測與監視系統(remote sensing and spatial -monitoring system)、差異性農機作業系統(differential action system)、及農場經營管理系統(farm anagement system)等四種，本文並特別介紹四種重要的個別型關鍵科技：(1)遙測科技、(2)全球定位系統、(3)地理資訊系統、及(4)變異率施用科技。
Conventional arable land management has developed towards managing fields uniformly while ignoring the inherent spatial and temporal variability found on most farmlands. The management practices have evolved from personal experience over generations. Strategy options are limited to reduce loss in crop production and decision making tends to over treat land with agrochemicals. As a result, deleterious effects on the farmland ecosystem, pollution of water resources, and human health problem etc. occur by the misuse of farming strategy. Precision agriculture, also known as precision farming, site-specific farming and prescription agriculture, is a management system enabled by the advent of applicable information and technologies with the goal of increased efficiency and economic gains in the agricultural activities. It is still a developing technology that integrates and modifies
existing techniques to produce a new set of sophisticated system approach for the management of agriculture. With this framework, varied treatments are applied at a fine-scale local level and variability in soil and crops are precisely monitored, assessed, and treated. It is not necessarily to attain the maximum yield but may be to maximize financial advantage while operating to overcome environmental impacts. There will be a significant improvement on the use of management information and control systems and an increased efficiency of decision making and operation. Key elements for a successful precision agriculture are information, technology, and management with remote sensing, global positioning system, geographic information system, and variable-rate application technique as four most important technologies.
Subjects
精準農業
精準農耕
特定地點農耕
關鍵要素
關鍵科技
Precision agriculture
Precision farming
Site-specific farming
Key element
Key technology
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book chapter
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