分離自杏鮑菇之青黴菌(Penicillium sumatraense)鑑定與藥劑防治評估
Other Title
Identification and Fungicide Evaluation of Penicillium sumatraense from King Oyster Mushroom
Journal
台灣農業研究
Journal Volume
75
Journal Issue
2
Start Page
307
End Page
321
ISSN
2790-086X
Date Issued
2026-06-10
Author(s)
Abstract
杏鮑菇 (Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.) 為臺灣重要商業栽培菇種，年平均產量近 2.6 萬公噸，產值約 20億元，主要產區包含臺中市與彰化縣等地。2024 年於臺中新社區發現，杏鮑菇於出菇階段，太空包中菌絲出現褐化並產生大量褐色菇水，嚴重影響其子實體品質，且在太空包表面菌絲處可見青黴菌之徵狀。本研究對該菌進行分離，並將純化之菌株與杏鮑菇進行培養基對峙培養，結果顯示靠近分離菌株之杏鮑菇菌絲長度顯著受到影響，顯見此菌株可影響杏鮑菇菌絲之生長。進一步鏡檢分離菌株之特徵，確認該菌具有長度 155–203 μm、雙輪生 (biverticillate) 之帚狀分生孢子梗 (conidiophore)，其上著生 3–5 個梗基 (metulae)，每個梗基上接有 3–5 個壺狀 (ampulliform) 之產孢瓶梗 (phialide)；末端產孢，分生孢子為透明、橢圓形至圓形。根據形態特徵與內轉錄間隔區 (internal transcribed spacer; ITS) 序列親緣演化樹分析，將分離菌株鑑定為Penicillium sumatraense Svilv. (菌株代號：TARI-PeP01)。菌絲生長溫度試驗結果則顯示，TARI-PeP01 可生長於 16–28℃，並於 28℃時具最大菌落直徑；溫度提升至 32℃時，其菌落長度則顯著降低。為利後續防治策略擬定，本研究亦進行藥劑篩選試驗，結果顯示稀釋 2,000 倍之 50% 撲克拉錳 (可濕性粉劑) 與稀釋 5,000 倍之35% 撲克拉 (乳劑)，可分別抑制 32.16 與 24.43% TARI-PeP01 之菌落生長，兩藥劑又皆以稀釋 1,000 倍可顯著抑制菌絲生長，顯示該兩種藥劑具防治之潛力。本研究為臺灣首篇針對杏鮑菇之青黴菌進行鑑定與防治之報告，而所篩選出具防治潛力之藥劑，可作為後續防患此真菌之參考依據。未來除深入探討 P. sumatraense對杏鮑菇之生理影響外，也將持續調查其他青黴菌對菇類產業之影響。
King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.) is a commercially important cultivated mushroom in Taiwan with annual yield of 26,000 Mg and market value about 2 billion NTD. The major production areas include Taichung and Changhua. In 2024, abnormal symptoms were observed during the development of P. eryngii fruiting bodies in Xinshe, Taichung. An unidentified fungus caused mycelium of P. eryngii turn brown and produced brown exudate. The yield and quality were also affected. Signs of green mold were observed on the surface of P. eryngii mycelium. This study isolated a fungus (designated TARI-PeP01) from the signs and conducted dual culture assays with P. eryngii mycelium. Results showed that P. eryngii significantly reduced mycelial extension toward TARI-PeP01 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA). It suggested that TARI-PeP01 had effect on mycelium of P. eryngii. Microscopic examination showed that conidiophores of TARI-PeP01 are 155–203 μm in length, biverticillate, and bear 3–5 metulaes per branch. Each metula carries 3–5 ampulliform phialides that produce transparent, oval to round conidia. Based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, TARI-PeP01 was identified as Penicillium sumatraense Svilv. Temperature assays on PDA, MEA and sawdust medium showed that TARI-PeP01 can grow at 16–28℃, with optimal growth at 28℃. However, mycelial growth was significantly inhibited at 32℃. A fungicide sensitivity assay was performed to develop potential control strategies. The results revealed that 50% prochloraz-manganese wettable powder (WP) with 2,000-fold dilution and 35% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate (EC) with 5,000-fold dilution inhibited 32.16% and 24.43% mycelial growth of TARI-PeP01, respectively. These two fungicides with 1,000-fold dilution showed significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth, suggesting their potential as control agents. This study is the first report of identification and control of P. sumatraense isolated from mycelium of king oyster mushroom. The selected fungicides provide promising options for this fungus management. Future work will focus on the physiological effects of P. sumatraense on P. eryngii and further investigation into the impact of other Penicillium on the mushroom industry.
Subjects
青黴菌
杏鮑菇
撲克拉
Penicillium
King oyster mushroom
Prochloraz
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
journal article
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
75-2-10.pdf
Size
4.09 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):d58b3bef056f35b3607cc987c5c9c372