臺灣柑橘黑點病之發病生態與防治
Other Title
Ecology of Citrus Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri (Faw.) Wolf and Its Control in Taiwan
Start Page
191
End Page
199
Date Issued
1989-12
Date
1989-12
Author(s)
蔡竹固
莊再揚
Tsay Jwu-guh
Chuang Tsai-young
Abstract
柑橘黑點病普遍發生在本省北部的柑橘產區；苗栗以北的柑橘枯枝中，黑點病菌柄子殼普遍發生，子囊殼僅在員山、石碇、壽豐、關西、竹崎發現。自發病柑園採集之新鮮枝條與舊枝條，無論再行人工接種與否，皆可產胞，但以再接種者產胞量較多；舊枝條較剛修剪的新鮮枝條易於產胞。濕潤較乾燥處利於本菌的生長及產胞，然遮蔭及乾燥處病原菌殘存較佳；照光及溼潤情況下，較易於形成子囊殼。存在柑園的柑橘枯枝調查，以枝徑0.6-1.1cm者含柄子殼和子囊殼較多。
就柑園座落方向調查發病情形，以座南朝北柑園的果實發病度有嚴重的傾向。柑園枯枝量與果實發病度有顯著的正相關。田問發病調查，北部柑園在春梢、5月的小果發病皆見增加，6月持續發病，7月底8月初發病減低，8月中旬以後及9月發病又增加，10、11月則發病平緩。
南北地區，人工培養保菌枝殘存情形良好。北部柑園修剪後柑橘枝條經1.5~3.5個月，柄子殼形成率3.3~50%，子囊殼形成需2.4~10個月，形成率3.3~20%；而南部地區不利於修剪枝條轉變成為保菌枝。
柑園中，移去樹冠內及周圍地上枯枝或田間收集後逕予藥劑處理，對於果實黑點病的防治效果並不顯著。根據室內及田間藥劑試驗，免賴得、依減列、腈硫醒對於黑點病有防治效果；基於田問發病消長之考慮，推薦本省北部柑園之黑點病防治時機，為5、6月上旬及8、9月中旬各施藥1次。
Citrus melanose occurs more serious in northern Taiwan than in other area. In order to understand the ecology of melanose caused by Diaporthe dIn (Faw.) Wolf, a series of study on ascigerous stage of melanose fungus, inoculum formation, the effect of ecological factors on melanose incidence, disease in cidence in citrus orchards, and disease control experiments was reviewed. Melanose control is based on the combination of pruning and spraying. In field trials, mancozeb, dithianon, benomyl and imazalil were all effective in controlling citrus melanose. Spraying chemicals at four¡Xweek interval revealed effective control of the disease economically. According to disease incidence in Taiwan, we would suggest a spray schedule for melanose control¡Xfirst application between April 20 and May 10, second, third and forth application in June, the middle of August and September, respectively, with one of those four fungicides mentioned.
Event(s)
柑橘試驗研究成果專題研討會
Proceeding of a Symposium on the Researches and Development of Citrus in Taiwan
Subjects
柑橘黑點病
發病生態
藥劑防治
citrus melanose
Diaporthe citri
Phomopsis citri
ecology
chemical control
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所
Type
book part
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