柑桔紅蜘蛛(Paonychus citri (McGregor))之生態觀察
Other Title
Observations on the Ecology of Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri (McGregor)) In Taiwan
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
8
Journal Issue
1
Pages
80-89
ISBN
0577-750X
Date Issued
1966-03
Date
1966
Author(s)
鄭清煥
Ching-Huan Cheng
Abstract
1．柑桔紅蜘蛛為世界性柑桔重要害蟲之一，本省處於亞熱帶，具海洋性氣候，極適其繁衍，由於世代短，繁殖力強，易對藥劑產生抗性，又乏天敵控制，是以成為本省目下最難防除之柑桔害蟲。
2．嘉義地區室內飼養結果，每年可發生25代，各世代，各蟲期所歷時間之長短，受當時溫度所影響，變異極大。據觀察雌蟲壽命平均為24.09天，產卵日期平均為20.36天，一生總產卵數平均為62.00粒；卵期為5.40天，幼蟲期為2.37天，前若蟲期為2.11天，後若蟲期為2.28天。由卵至成蟲期，雌蟲平均為12.21天，雄蟲平均為11.31天。
3．由卵至成蟲，須脫皮三次，但部份雄蟲僅脫皮兩次由後若蟲靜止期（Deutochrysalis）直接蛻變為成蟲。雄蟲蛻變為成蟲後，即尋雌蟲交尾，與雄蟲交尾之雌蟲，其後代大部發育為雌蟲；未與交尾之雌蟲，其後代則全部發育為雄蟲。由室外採回個別飼養之雌成蟲，觀察178隻結果，其後代之性比率為雌：雄＝2.2:1。
4．柑桔類中，以甜橙類受柑桔紅蜘蛛為害最重，一般成蟲及幼蟲均集中於葉片為害；無論成蟲幼蟲或卵，葉面棲息數均較葉背略多。
5．果園管理優劣，農藥使用不當，庇陰有無，及葉齡之不同，均直接影響柑桔紅蜘蛛之發生與分佈；果園管理妥善，農藥使用頻繁及無庇陰之果園柑桔紅蜘蛛發生多，在嫩葉上與中齡葉片上紅蜘蛛的密度較在考葉上者為高。
6．自民國53年5月至54年6月觀察結果，以11月至5月因雨量分佈少，發生密度較高，6月至10月由於颱風豪雨之夾襲，發生密度較低。在本省氣候情況下，能以有效影響柑桔紅蜘蛛密度之氣象因子，以雨量為主。
According to the laboratory rearing the citrus red mite took 25 generations from 5, Oct. 1964 to 15, Oct. 1965, at the average temperature and relative humility of 18-30℃ and 64-80 per cent. The average number of eggs laid by each female was 62, the range being from 18 to 87, and the average number of eggs laid by each female per day was 3.06, the range being from 0 to 14. Eggs generally hatched from 2 to 15 days, with an average of 5.40 days, and the stages of larva, protonymph, deutonymph took an average of 2.37, 2.11, 2.28 days, ranging 1-7, 1-6, 1-9 days, respectively. The time required for egg to adult average 12.21 days in female, ranging from 7 to 30 days, while in male, it took average of 11.31 days, ranging from 6 to 23 days.
Based on one year’s observation, it was found that the citrus red mite took about one month to complete a life-cycle during December, January and it took more than two generations each of the other months.
Both sexes of citrus red mite were found to have a larval and two nymphal stages. each followed by a resting stage. Some male could mature without the stage of deutonymph .instar. Mating process was usually accomplished immediately after the last molt of the female; Eggs from unfertilized female gave rise to males only and those from fertilized feia1e to a preponderance of females.
Field obsevations revealed that citrus red mites usually build-up more dense and large colonies in the well managed citrus orchard, plants rceived plentiful sunlight, and younger leaves; in neglected orchard, shaded plants, and older leaves, mites generally are scarce. Applications of insecticide in dis-order were also conductive to increase of mite population.
The climatic data in central and southern part of this island indicated that both temperature and humidity were very suitable for citrus red mite to develop all the year round, and the rainfall seems to be the major factor that directly influenced the seasonal fluctuation of mite’s populations. It was found that citrus red mite’s population on Valencia orange trees tended to be the highest during the dry late-fall, winter, and spring seasons, and the raininess or that accompanied with the result of typhoon were noted to have reduced the spring population and
maintained a low population through-out the sunmer.
Subjects
柑桔紅蜘蛛
Publisher
植病保護學會
Type
journal article
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