螞蟻與鳳梨粉介殼蟲萎凋病關係之研究
Other Title
Studies on the Relationship of Ants with Mealybug Wilt of Pineapples
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
7
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
31
End Page
42
Date Issued
1957-12-11
Date
1957-12-11
Author(s)
孫守恭
Shou-Kung Sun
Abstract
一、鳳梨粉介殼蟲所引起之萎凋病，臺灣各地均極普遍，因其寄生部位之隱蔽，甚難達到完全防治之地步；加之鳳梨係長期作物，粉介殼蟲往往由殘餘之少數，逐漸繁殖至數百，足以引起萎凋，乃防治上之重大困難，亦為本文研究粉介殼蟲與螞蟻之關係之目的。
二、栽培鳳梨時，於田地之四周，種植四行至六行之鳳梨，作為保護行，於保護行上，撒佈防蟻藥劑，防治其上之螞蟻，可以間接阻止鳳梨粉介殼蟲之傳入，對於預防本田內萎凋病之發生，其效果甚優。
三、如果鳳梨園中之螞蟻可以控制，使其滅跡或減至極少，則鳳梨上之粉介殼蟲，數目逐漸減少，其萎凋病率逐漸降低，而至於完全無萎凋，獲得較高之結實率。較之未防蟻區，粉介殼蟲數及萎凋病逐日增加，結實率甚低，二者結果，極為顯著。
四、鳳梨結實以前，粉介殼蟲並未因氣候雨量之變化，而有上下遷移之現象。惟抽穗結實後，粉介殼蟲喜移至果實，冠芽，及裔芽上。
五、粉介殼蟲一旦移至幼嫩之果實及芽體上，其繁殖力培增，可在極短時間內，生出多數幼蟲，於防蟻區內，尤為顯著。此等幼蟲，其活動力較大。惟此等粉介殼蟲，可於採果採苗時，脫離母株，對於防治上有益無害。
六、鳳梨園中之螞蟻，周年均有活動。惟受氣蟻溫之影響頗大，低溫時螞蟻數少，高溫時多。
七、防蟻劑藥以地特靈(Dieldrin)為最優，而且持久，阿特靈(Aldrin)次之。DDT, BHC之效果較差。
The present paper deals with the relationship of ants with pineapple mealybugs and their influence to pineapple wilt, a disease which is ensued from the infestation of pineapple mealybug (Dysmicoccus brevipes Ckl.)
Ants are frequent attendants of mealybugs in pineapple orchards. They are probably carriers of mealybugs from wild vegetations or adjacent pineapple orchards to new plantations. This assumption has been proved to be true to a certain extent from the guard row planting experiments, in which ant-killer insecticides were sprayed on the ground of the guard rows. Mealybug infestation and wilt in the main plantation were greatly reduced by these treatments.
If ants are effectively controlled in pineapple field, mealybugs will suffer an extraordinary change in their lives. Multiplication is naturally suppressed, colonies and population are gradually reduced to a ninimum, though not extinguished. The result is: wilt disappears and yield increases. This fact is considered to be very important in our practising of mealybug and wilt control. For insecticides so effective as parathion, etc., can not even kill the mealybugs completely as pineapple mealybugs are commonly hidden so low between the bases of leaf blades and on roots close to the plant. The application of organo-phosphorus insecticides is simply to suppress the population of mealybugs to such a degree as they are unable to induce wilt. This purpose can also be obtained by the controlling of ants. These two different methods of suppressing the population of mealybugs can be used alternatively and need further evaluation in our future studies of mealybug wilt control of pineapples.
There is no evident upward and downward migration of the pineapple mealybugs on pineapple plant, before the period of the fruits being sent out, due to the changes of temperature and precipitation. After fruiting, mealybugs have a tendancy to migrate upward to the fruits, crowns, and slips. Soon as the mealybugs reach these tender and succulent parts, they multiply tremendously. Numerous crawlers are produced within a short period. These mealybugs, however, can be detached from the mother plants through harvesting and collecting of the planting materials.
Ants can be found in pineapple orchards all year round in South Taiwan, but their activity is closely influenced by the atmospheric temperature. Low temperature greatly limits the activity of the ants.
Dieldrin was found to be the most effective insecticide for ant control in the author’s preliminary tests.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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