抽穗後高溫處理對水稻花粉活力及稔實率之影響

夏奇鈮; 李長沛; 蔡媦婷; 蔡挹恆; 黃佩瑩; 莊淨; 游舜期; Chi-Ni Hsia; Charng-Pei Li; Wei-Ting Tsai; Yi-Heng Tsai; Pei-Ying Huang; Ching Chuang; Shuen-Chi You

doi:10.6156/JTAR.202412_73(4).0006

抽穗後高溫處理對水稻花粉活力及稔實率之影響

Other Title

Effects of High Temperature after Heading Stage on Rice Pollen Viability and Fertility

Journal

台灣農業研究

Journal Volume

73

Journal Issue

4

Pages

281-291

Date Issued

2024-12-06

Author(s)

夏奇鈮

李長沛

蔡媦婷

蔡挹恆

黃佩瑩

莊淨

游舜期

Chi-Ni Hsia

Charng-Pei Li

Wei-Ting Tsai

Yi-Heng Tsai

Pei-Ying Huang

Ching Chuang

Shuen-Chi You

DOI

10.6156/JTAR.202412_73(4).0006

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/23009

Abstract

本研究在水稻抽穗至穀粒成熟期間於檢定圃進行高溫處理，探討高溫對花粉活力與稔實率之影響。水稻材料為耐熱早熟秈型陸稻 ‘Nagina 22’ (‘N22’)、中晚熟稉稻「台南11 號」(‘Tainan 11’; ‘TN11’) 與「台稉9 號」(‘Taiken 9’; ‘TK9’) 以及以 ‘TK9’ 引入 ‘N22’ 耐熱基因育成之近同源系 (BC4F5) PA163 與PA164，於2020 年第二期作與2021 年第一期作以水田栽培方式分別種植於田區與耐熱性檢定圃 (塑膠棚溫室)。2020 年第二期作檢定圃於 ‘N22’ 抽穗後至穀粒成熟期間每日08:00–15:00 以柴油加熱器加熱，設定溫度38℃；2021 年第一期作白天加熱溫度增為39℃，並於夜間20:00 至隔日06:00 設定加熱溫度為28℃。植株於抽穗日掛牌並於2 d後採穗，取採穗當日即將開放穎花之花粉以電阻抗式流式細胞儀 (impedance flow cytometry; IFC) 檢測花粉活力。2020 年第二期作結果顯示，同一品種 (系) 其田區與檢定圃之花粉活力相較，差異皆不顯著；稔實率相較，亦皆差異不顯著。2021 年第一期作結果顯示，PA164、‘TN11’ 及 ‘TK9’ 之田區與檢定圃花粉活力相較差異顯著；稔實率方面，除上述3 品種 (系) 外，另有PA163 亦顯示差異顯著。此外，2021 年第一期作自田區取5品種 (系) 穎花之花粉以25–45℃溫度處理並檢測花粉活力變化，將不同溫度處理測得之花粉活力與其25℃處理之花粉活力 (最高值) 相較之百分比作為相對花粉活力，並依品種 (系) 相對花粉活力受溫度影響程度由小至大排序，分別為 ‘N22’、‘TN11’、PA164、PA163 及 ‘TK9’。本研究結果顯示花粉活力與稔實率皆受到高溫影響而下降，但採用檢定圃高溫處理成本較高且溫度設定較不具彈性，而採用溫度處理田區花粉並檢測其活力變化，具成本低且實施簡易具彈性之優點，應可作為耐熱水稻種原快速或初級篩選之用。 This study conducted heating treatment beginning from rice heading to grain maturity in a greenhouse to investigate the effects of high temperature on pollen viability and spikelet fertility. Rice materials including heat-resistant early-maturing indica upland rice ‘Nagina 22’ (‘N22’), medium-late-maturing japonica rice ‘Tainan 11’ (‘TN11’) and ‘Taiken 9’ (‘TK9’), as well as PA163 and PA164, the BC4F5 lines bred by ‘TK9’ with ‘N22’ heat-resistant gene, were planted in the second cropping season of 2020 (2020-2) and the first cropping season of 2021 (2021-1), respectively, using paddy field cultivation methods in field and plastic greenhouse. The greenhouse was heated with a diesel heater from 08:00 to 15:00 every day after ‘N22’ heading to grain maturity, with a set temperature of 38℃; in the 2021-1 cropping season, the set temperature during the day is 39℃ and at night heating treatment was performed from 20:00 to 06:00 the next day with a set temperature of 28℃. The plants were tagged on the heading day and the ears were picked 2 d later. The pollen from the spikelet that was about to open on the day of ear picking was used to test the pollen viability using impedance flow cytometry (IFC). The results of the 2020-2 cropping season showed that there was no significant difference in pollen viability or spikelet fertility between the field and the heated greenhouse in the same variety. The results of the 2021-1 cropping season showed that 3 of the 5 varieties had significant differences in pollen viability between the field and the heated greenhouse, namely, PA164, ‘TN11’ and ‘TK9’. In addition to the above 3 varieties, there was another line, PA163, that showed a significant difference in spikelet fertility. Meanwhile, in the 2021-1 cropping season, the field pollen of 5 varieties (lines) was collected and treated in the range of 25–45℃, and the changes in pollen viability were tested. The pollen viability measured at various temperature treatments was compared with the pollen viability of the 25℃ treatment (the highest value) as the relative pollen viability. The degree of influence of temperature on the relative pollen viability was sorted from small to large, which were ‘N22’, ‘TN11’, PA164, PA163, and ‘TK9’, respectively. The results of this study showed that both pollen viability and spikelet fertility were affected by high temperatures. However, using greenhouse heating treatment was costly, with less flexibility on temperature settings compared to the treatment using pollen collected from the field with various temperatures and testing changes of its viability, which has the advantages of simplicity, ease of implementation, and high efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended that the impact of high temperature on pollen viability be used as a rapid or primary screening method for heat-resistant rice evaluation.

Subjects

水稻

稔實率

花粉活力

電阻抗式流式細胞儀

oryza sativa l.

spikelet fertility

pollen viability

impedance flow cytometry

Publisher

農業試驗所

Type

journal article

File(s)

Name

73-4-6.pdf

Size

1.37 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):c5fedea0768b2f44231966ffc60952be