暗玉米(opaque-2)蛋白質含量之遺傳
Other Title
The Gene Effects for Grain Protein in Three Crosses of Opaque-2 Corn
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
27
Journal Issue
1
Start Page
53
End Page
60
Date Issued
1978-03-06
Date
1978-03-06
Author(s)
萬雄
呂宗佳
鄭心嫻
Hsiung Wan
T.C. Lee
H.H. Cheng
Abstract
本試驗以伊利諾高蛋白質暗玉米與本省育成的暗玉米自交系什交，研究蛋白質含量的遺傳，結果顯示蛋白質含量之遺傳，F1為中間型，但有高蛋白為顯性的傾向。此一結果與過去研究普通玉米的結果稍異，可能係由於opaque-2基因常使玉米子粒的胚增大而增加玉米蛋白質含量的趨勢所造成。
所有三種什交組合均有極顯著的累加效應，故育成高蛋白的暗玉米，可以有效地應用選拔方法。但由於若干交配組合亦具有交感及顯性等非累加性效應，故高蛋白暗玉米的選拔可能不如其他性狀的選拔為易。
The inheritance of grain protein in ordinary corn has been reported by many workers, but not in opaque-2 corn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the gene effects for grain protein of opaque-2 corn in order to provide information for breeding high protein opaque-2 corn.
The high protein parent with protein content 17% was a selfing line of Illinios High Protein O2 corn (IHPO2) and three low protein O2 parents, TA 604, TA 606 and TA 614 were inbreds developed by the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute with protein content ranging from 12.6% to 14.7%.
Three crosses, IHPO2 × TA 604, IHPO2 × TA 606, and IHPO2 × TA 614 and their reciprocals were made. The grains of F1，F2 and BCs’ populations for protein analysis were obtained in the same crop season in order to avoid the climatic effect on grain protein. Only the reciprocal cross, TA 604 × IHPO2 was used to obtain F2，BC1 and BC2 populations. The different populations from each cross were grown in the field using randomized complete block with two replications. The numbers of plant grown for various populations were P1 and P2, 100 each; F1, 50; F2, 500; BC1 and BC2, 250 each. The protein was analyzed by using Udy rapid Protein analyzer. The total number of samples analyzed in this study was 1,329 (shown in Table 1). Both Gamble (1961) and Hayman (1958 ) formula were used in analyzing protein data.
The results from both Gamble and Hayman formula showed quite in agreement (Table 2). Cross II fitted the additive-dominance model while crosses I and III did not. Based on Gamble’s six-parameter model, it showed that there was highly significant additive effect for all crosses. There were also significant dominance effects for crosses I and III, but not for cross II. The positive dominance effects indicated that high protein was partially dominant. This result was contradictory to the previous report on ordinary corn (5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, & 14). We assume that this might be resulted from the effect of opaque-2 gene because the opaque-2 corn always has larger embryo and higher protein content (Nelson, 1969; Wan, unpublished data). The low protein parents used in this study also showed higher protein content as compared with their normal version inbreds. It was also shown that there were significant additive × additive (aa), additive x dominance (sd) and dominance x dominance (dd) effects in crosses I and III, but not in cross H indicating that the gene effects in cross II (parent TA 606) were different from that in crosses I and HI (parents, TA 604 and TA 614) . In crosses I and III, the dominance effects (d) were positive and dominance x dominance effects (dd) were negetive indicating that the interaction effects were resulted from the action of duplicate genes. No cytoplas-mic effect was found in any of the three crosses studied.
Since there are highly significant additive effects in all crosses, it is suggested that selection for high protein in O2 corn is effective. However, rigid selection should be practiced if breeders are working on this character because significant dominance and interaction effects were also present in two of the three crosses.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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