檬果薊馬類發生消長與為害調查及其防治試驗
Other Title
Seasonal Occurrence of and Injury Caused by the Thrips and Their Control on Mangoes
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
24
Journal Issue
3
Pages
179-187
ISBN
0577-750X
Date Issued
1982-08
Date
1982-08
Author(s)
李錫山
溫宏治
Lee, Hsi-Shan
Wen, Hung-Chich
Abstract
在臺灣為害檬果之薊馬，經調查結果有腹鈎薊馬，RhiPIPhorothrips cruentatus Hood，姬黃薊馬，Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood，及花薊馬，Thrips hawaiiensis
(Morgan）等三種。其中腹鈎薊馬在臺灣為最近被紀錄之新種類，該薊馬為害檬果之老葉。姬黃薊馬為害幼葉、嫩芽，花穗及幼果而形成果疤。花薊馬僅為害花穗。三種薊馬在檬果各發育期相繼為害。腹鈎薊馬多發生於8至翌年1月，期間為乾燥期及果樹發育期。姬黃薊馬幾乎全年均有出現。花薊馬僅出現在1至3月間之花期。降雨量對薊馬棲群消長有顯著之影響。套袋可有效預防姬黃薊馬之為害。
Three species of thrip, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood, Scirtothrips dorsdlis Hood and Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), were recorded as the insect pests on mangoes in Taiwan. They injured the mango by puncturing and sucking sap from the epidermis of the leaves and fruits. The affected portions became darkly stained or had scars on the surface of fruits, and the leaves of the growing tips became blackened, curled, and finally dropped. In the cases of the worst, the plants were almost defoliated.
R. cruentatus excreted a reddish fluid on the plants or the surface of the fruits which, after drying, became rust-brown to black. Fruit growth was also retarded, and the punctures served as sources of entry for fungal attack. As a result, the market value of the infested fruits were greatly reduced.
S. dorsalis occurred numerously the year round at the two investigated localities, while R. cruentatus occurred more abundantly at Fengshan than at Yuching area during the growing stage of mangoes. The T. hawaiiensis occurred in blooming stage only. Population density of the R. cruentatus and S. dorsalis was inversely related to the precipitation. Besides damaging on the young leaves or buds, S. dorsalis and T. hawaiiensis also congregate in the flowers during the blooming stage.
Stains or scars of the mango fruits were examined during the mature green stage and the affected fruits were about 36 and 40% at Fengshan and Yuching, respectively. These were closely correlated to the population of S. dorsalis at the two localities. R. cruentatus was rarely found at Yuching area during 1979~80, indicating that the scars on the mango fruits were mainly caused by S. dorsalis rather than by R. cruentatus in Taiwan.
Damage could be prevented by applying insecticides and fungicides before full blooming and then wrapping paraffin paper bags on the whole cluster brfore the size of a fruit was about 1cm in diameter.
Subjects
樣果
腹鈎薊馬
姬黃薊馬
花薊馬
套袋防治法
發生消長
降雨量
mango, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood and Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan
scar
paper-bag wrapping
seasonal occurrence
precipitation
Publisher
植病保護學會
Type
journal article
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