稻細蟎之生態觀察
Other Title
Ecological Observations on Rice Tarsonemid Mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acarina: Tarsonemidae)
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
28
Journal Issue
3
Pages
181-192
Date Issued
1979-09-07
Date
1979-09-07
Author(s)
羅幹成
何琦琛
Kang-Chen Lo
Chyi-Chen Ho
Abstract
為害本省水稻之細蟎計有四種，其中以稻細蟎（Steneotarsonemus spinki）及叉毛細蟎（S. furcatus）分佈最廣，但發生密度以稻細蟎為高。稻細蟎在高溫（30℃ 以上）時，完成發育快者僅需3 天左右，而在低溫（20℃ 左右）時，則需20 天左右；平均一雌可產卵59.5 枚；雌雄性比約為8 : 1。稻細蟎周年出現起自5 月，終至次年2 月，以8 月初至10 月底為其棲群密度之高峰期，其間又以9 月達最高峰。其天敵中之捕蟎類周年均出現， 8 月下旬至10 月下旬為棲群高峰期，其閒又以9 月中旬至10 月上旬達到最高峰；一種原生動物於8 月上旬至11 月上旬出現寄生於稻細蟎之各期個體，甚具防治之潛力。密植水稻稻細蟎有出現較高密度之現象。除了出現於稻葉鞘內表，穀穎內部外，並能經飛蝨葉蟬類之卵孵化孔或螟蟲蛀入口、病斑之孔隙及機械傷害之裂隙，侵入水稻組織內部藏匿為害，其部位包括葉鞘，葉片基部中脈及穗頸等處。13 稻種（8 稉稻，5 秈稻）中，以嘉農秈11 號、臺農67 號及臺南6 號對稻細蟎之感受性較低；而高雄秈2 號，臺中秈2 號及臺南5 號則較高。
Four species of tarsonemid mites were found to injury the rice crops in Taiwan. Among them, the Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley and S. furcatus Deleon were the most common species, and the former was considered to be the most important one for its very high population.
In the laboratory, the developmental period (egg to adult) of S. spinki took 3 days (or shorter) at 30°C (or higher) and 20 (or more) days at 20°C. The average number of eggs deposited per female was 59.5. The sex ratio (♀:♂) was 8:1.
S. spinki emerged about early May. Its population increased to a high level between August and October, and then declined until harvest. In the Winter, they could survive in the stubbles and ratoon rices till late February of next year. The predatory mites occurred all the year round to prey the rice tarsonemid mite. The population increased in the same pattern, but more or less later, as compared with that of S. spinki. One species of protozoa was found to parasite every instars of the rice tarsonemid mite. The highest percentage of parasitism occurred in October.
Planting density also exerted influences on the population of S. spinki. Generally speaking, the greater the planting density of rice, the higher the population of rice tarsonemid mite.
The rice tarsonemid mite not only could injury the inside surface of leaf sheath and occur between grain and hull, but also could invade the tissues of leaf sheathes, leaves and panicle necks through the emergence holes of hoppers, the boring holes of stern borers and the cracks of diseased or mechanical wounds.
S. spinki were transfered on 13 different rice varieties for testing the degrees of infestation. The varieties of lower infestation were Chianung sen No. 11, Tainung No. 67 and Tainan No. 6; whereas those of higher infestation were Kaohsiung sea No. 2,Taichung sen No. 2 and Tainan No. 5.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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