苗栗卓蘭椪柑果園參考蒸發散量之調查
Other Title
Study on the reference evapotranspiration in a 'Ponkan' mandarin orchard at Zhuolan Miaoli, Taiwan
Journal
作物、環境與生物資訊
Journal Volume
20
Start Page
126
End Page
138
ISSN
1811-7406
Date Issued
2024-12
Author(s)
Abstract
為提供灌溉計畫研擬與果園水分管理參考之用，本調查於苗栗縣卓蘭鎮專業生產之椪柑果園，蒐集氣象條件並配合椪柑耗水特性，再以Penman-Monteith法估算參考蒸發散量（reference evapotranspiration; ET0），併同¬¬降雨量求算果園水分收支。據2021年度春季（3月至5月）實際調查顯示，椪柑物候期依時序分別為始花期（15天）、盛花期（6天）、謝花期（6天）、開花後落果期（27天）及生理落果前期（一般於5月底前約有15天）等，估計其平均每日需水量分別為：2.6mm、2.8mm、2.7mm、2.7mm及4.2mm。依據ET0之變化，3-5月之月平均值分別為3.5mm-1．day-1、3.8 mm-1．day-1，及5.4mm-1．day-1，合計值則分別為107.2 mm、112.8 mm及166.1 mm。參考30cm深度土壤水分張力變化，訂定高於30-60kPa時為起灌點即行灌溉，3至4月每次足量降雨或灌溉後，約間隔7天即達起灌點，5月份則間隔約3-4天即達起灌點。
In light of forming an irrigation guide for water management in citrus orchards, a survey was conducted in Zhuolan, Miaoli, to collect meteorological data and assess the reference evapotranspiration (ET_0) by the Penman-Monteith method, coordinating with the water consumption characteristics of citrus. Furthermore, precipitation (rainfall) is recorded to assess the water balance in the orchard. The results from March to May in 2021 indicated the average daily water requirements corresponding to different crop calendar dates: initial blooming (15 days), full blooming (6 days), flower shed (6 days), initial physiological fruit drop after flower shed (27 days), and early physiological fruit drop (Around 15 days before the end of May) were 2.6mm, 2.8mm, 2.7mm, 2.7mm, and 4.2mm, respectively. According to the transition of ET_0, the average values from March to May are 3.5 mm^(-1)．day^(-1), 3.8 mm^(-1)．day^(-1), and 5.4 mm^(-1)．day^(-1), respectively. The sums are 107.2 mm, 112.8 mm, and 166.1 mm, respectively. Based on the transition of moisture tension at a 30 cm depth in the orchard soil, the irrigation timing is decided as follows: initiate irrigation when soil moisture tension is higher than 30kPa; practice irrigation at intervals of 7 days after every rainfall or irrigation during March to April, and irrigate at intervals of 3-4 days throughout the entire May period.
Subjects
柑橘
椪柑
灌溉需水量
灌溉排程
生長階段調查資料
Citrus
Ponkan mandarin
Water requirement
Irrigation scheduling
Surveyed data at growth stage
Publisher
台灣農藝學會
中華農業氣象學會
Type
other periodical