茶園土壤中溶磷細菌生態調查及其應用
Other Title
Ecological Survey of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Their Application in Tea Garden Soils
Journal
微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第44號
Pages
115-129
ISBN
957-00-4053-X
Date Issued
1994-06
Author(s)
張鳳屏
楊秋忠
Feng-Ping Chang
Chiu-Chung Young
Abstract
茶土園土壤中溶磷細菌族群活動受土壤管理、肥料施用與氣候環境等因素之影響。經調查發現查省茶園土壤中溶磷細菌主要菌屬為Pseudomonas sp.及Bacillus sp.。氣溫高，雨量充足，有利溶磷細菌繁殖；氣溫下降與雨量減少，則降低其活動。溶磷細菌數量在茶園根圈土壤較非根圈土為高，且根圈土壤pH亦較非根圈土壤低，可能為根系分泌有機酸及溶磷細菌相互作用的關係。相同環境土壤管理下，不同品種茶樹根圈土壤中溶磷細菌數量無多大改變·施用極低量與過量化學肥料將降低溶磷細菌數量，有機質月畔手與化學肥料適量配合使用，可增進溶磷細菌族群繁殖，土壤有機質豐富可提供溶磷細菌能源而大量增殖。土壤pH、有效性磷(Mehllch No.3)、交換性鉀、鈣、鎂、錳、鋅及鋁含量與溶磷細菌數量無明顯相關，但土壤pH低於3.8,交換性鈣低於50 mg/kg或高於1000 mg/kg、土壤排水不良且施肥量過多，將減少溶磷細菌數量。
以塑膠袋抒插育苗方法，利用抒插過苗床之舊土與未耕種過茶之新土，接種囊叢枝菌根菌與溶磷細菌，以探討對茶苗生長之影響。試驗結果顯示新土中接種囊叢枝菌根菌、溶磷細菌或兩者同時接種，對青心烏龍及台茶12號抒插苗生長較無明顯增進效果，但在舊土中單獨接種囊叢枝菌根菌或溶磷細菌，則可增加台茶12號杆插苗生長，對青心烏龍則較不明顯。若二者同時接種則明顯促進青心烏龍與台茶12號抒插苗生長，達到累加的功效。 Effect of season, soil sampling position, soil properties and fertilizer on phosphorussolubilizing bacteria (PSB) population in tea rhizospheric soils were investigated. Based on date of a surface soil sampling(0-20 cm), the dominant PSB species were Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.. The PSB population density was higher in spring season than in winter season. This might be due to better soil temperature and moisture which resulted in better root activity. Population of P-solubilizing bacteria sp.(PSB) in rhizospheric soils of tea garden was apparently higher than that of non-rhizospheric soils. pH of rhizospheric soils was lower than that of non-rhizospheric soils, suggesting that the interaction between root-excreted acids and P-solubilizing bacteria may play an important role in the phenomena. Under the same soil management, the PSB number (based on the plate count) in the rhizopheric soils did not vary with varieties. Low or high application of fertilizers resulted in reducing the PSB number in soils. Appropriate application of chemcial and organic fertilizers benefited the increase of PSB population. PSB number was significantly correlated with soil organic matter content. Low soil pH (<3.8) inappropriate soil Ca (exchangeable, <50 mg/kg or >1,000 mg/kg) and bad soil drainage with over dosage of fertilizers would lower down the PSB number in tea soils. Effects of Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) and Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) being inoculated in cultivated and uncultivated soils on tea cuttings grown in plastic bags were investigated. Uncultivated soils inoculated respectively with VAMF and PSB or both microorganisms had no promoting effects on the growth of tea cuttings of cvs. ChinHsin Qolong and TTES No.12. However¡¦ in tea cultivated soils inoculation of VAMF or PSB alone obviously enhanced seedling growth of cuttings, cv. TTES No.12. No similar effects were found in cv. Chin-Hsin Oolong. Additive effects on seedling growth of cvs. Chin-Hsin Qolong and TTES No.12. were obtained if both VAMF and PSB were inoculated simultaneously in tea cultivated soils.
以塑膠袋抒插育苗方法，利用抒插過苗床之舊土與未耕種過茶之新土，接種囊叢枝菌根菌與溶磷細菌，以探討對茶苗生長之影響。試驗結果顯示新土中接種囊叢枝菌根菌、溶磷細菌或兩者同時接種，對青心烏龍及台茶12號抒插苗生長較無明顯增進效果，但在舊土中單獨接種囊叢枝菌根菌或溶磷細菌，則可增加台茶12號杆插苗生長，對青心烏龍則較不明顯。若二者同時接種則明顯促進青心烏龍與台茶12號抒插苗生長，達到累加的功效。 Effect of season, soil sampling position, soil properties and fertilizer on phosphorussolubilizing bacteria (PSB) population in tea rhizospheric soils were investigated. Based on date of a surface soil sampling(0-20 cm), the dominant PSB species were Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.. The PSB population density was higher in spring season than in winter season. This might be due to better soil temperature and moisture which resulted in better root activity. Population of P-solubilizing bacteria sp.(PSB) in rhizospheric soils of tea garden was apparently higher than that of non-rhizospheric soils. pH of rhizospheric soils was lower than that of non-rhizospheric soils, suggesting that the interaction between root-excreted acids and P-solubilizing bacteria may play an important role in the phenomena. Under the same soil management, the PSB number (based on the plate count) in the rhizopheric soils did not vary with varieties. Low or high application of fertilizers resulted in reducing the PSB number in soils. Appropriate application of chemcial and organic fertilizers benefited the increase of PSB population. PSB number was significantly correlated with soil organic matter content. Low soil pH (<3.8) inappropriate soil Ca (exchangeable, <50 mg/kg or >1,000 mg/kg) and bad soil drainage with over dosage of fertilizers would lower down the PSB number in tea soils. Effects of Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) and Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) being inoculated in cultivated and uncultivated soils on tea cuttings grown in plastic bags were investigated. Uncultivated soils inoculated respectively with VAMF and PSB or both microorganisms had no promoting effects on the growth of tea cuttings of cvs. ChinHsin Qolong and TTES No.12. However¡¦ in tea cultivated soils inoculation of VAMF or PSB alone obviously enhanced seedling growth of cuttings, cv. TTES No.12. No similar effects were found in cv. Chin-Hsin Oolong. Additive effects on seedling growth of cvs. Chin-Hsin Qolong and TTES No.12. were obtained if both VAMF and PSB were inoculated simultaneously in tea cultivated soils.
Event(s)
微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會
Proceeding of A Symposium on development and Utilization of Microbial Fertilizer
Subjects
溶磷細菌
茶園根圈土壤
茶樹抒插苗
phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria
Tea rhizospheric soils
Tea cuttings
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所
Type
conference paper
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