氣候變遷下荔枝穩產及調適作為 -以恆春地區栽培模式為例
Other Title
Stable Production and Adaptation Strategies for Litchi under Climate Change: A Case Study of Cultivation Patterns in the Heng-chun Region
Start Page
45
End Page
56
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
林子文
朱堉君
李雪如
陳泰安
林宗賢
Abstract
先前藉由高雄大樹‘玉荷包’荔枝產區最近20餘年開花涼溫需求量研究，研議每小時等於與低於20℃氣溫的閾值為1,800 DH。地處更南端的恆春產區具有早熟、高利潤優勢，但開花所需涼溫累積量不足，隔年開花嚴重。不過，陳氏農友採用系統整合栽培技術，能連續五年穩定開花著果，顯示該栽培體系可取代1,300-1,400 DH涼溫需求量。爰驗證於相關研究報告後，提出一套系統整合的穩定開花與著果之栽培模式，冀供推廣應用。其要點為：一、採果後盡速修剪培養枝梢，確保在10月前培養3次以上健壯營養梢，累積充足碳源作為花序發育基礎。二、精準控梢，透過枝幹環剝與益收 (Ethephon)搭配高磷鉀肥料，嚴格抑制冬梢萌發。針對休眠與抽梢階段調整不同藥劑濃度，使植株維持深度靜止(quiescent)狀態藉以感受涼溫。三、環境逆境營造：進入控梢期後落實斷水與加強排水，透過營造乾旱環境，促使芽體轉向生殖生長。四、結實管理優化：應用疏花技術，加強蜜蜂授粉，減少養分耗損並提升著果率。總之，透過適時修剪、精準控梢、水分管理整合技術，可克服環境涼溫不足限制。未來持續探究恆春特有地理因素（如：落山風）對樹體生理之影響，並優化授粉技術，以建立更強韌的氣候變遷調適生產模式。
Recent research on the 'Yu Her Pau' litchi production area in Da-shu District, Kaohsiung, over the past 20 years suggests a cool requirement threshold of 1,800 Degree Hours (DH) below 20℃ for flowering. The Heng-chun production area, situated further south, possesses the advantages of early maturity and high profitability; however, it faces insufficient cool accumulation, leading to severe biennial bearing (irregular flowering). Notably, farmer Mr. Chen has achieved stable flowering and fruit set for five consecutive years by implementing a systematic integrated cultivation technology, demonstrating that this cultivation patterns can compensate for a deficit of 1,300–1,400 DH in cool requirements. Following validation against relevant research reports, a systematic integrated cultivation model for stable flowering and fruiting is proposed for extension. The key points are as pruning after harvest and Shoot Development: Conduct pruning immediately after harvest to ensure the cultivation of more than three batch healthy vegetative flushes before October, thereby accumulating sufficient carbon sources as the foundation for inflorescence development. Precision Shoot Control: Utilize trunk girdling combined with Ethephon and apply fertilizers of high phosphorus and potassium content to strictly inhibit the emergence of winter shoots. Adjust chemical concentrations according to the dormancy and budding stages to maintain the trees in a state of deep quiescence, enhancing their sensitivity to available cool temperatures. Environmental Stress Induction: Implement strict water deprivation and enhance drainage during the shoot control period. By creating a drought environment, the buds are encouraged to transition toward reproductive growth. Optimization of Fruiting Management: Apply flower thinning techniques and strengthen honeybee pollination to reduce nutrient depletion and improve the fruit set rate. In conclusion, through the integration of timely pruning, precision shoot control, and water management, the limitations imposed by insufficient cool can be overcome. Future research will continue to explore the impact of Heng-chun’s unique geographic factors, such as the "Down-slope Wind" (Lushan Wind), on tree physiology and further optimize pollination techniques to establish a more resilient production model for climate change adaptation.
Subjects
荔枝
氣候變遷
穩產技術
Litchi
Climate Change
Stable Production Technology
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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