檬果之無機營養及肥培管理
Other Title
MINERAL NUTRITION AND FERTILIZING MANAGEMENT IN MANGO
Journal
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會專集
Pages
189-205
Date Issued
1989-04
Author(s)
張哲瑋
許玉妹
李國權
Jer-Way Chang
Yuh-Mey Shu
Kuo-Chuan Lee
Abstract
檬果葉片磷、鉀的濃度隨葉齡之增加而降低，鈣、錳則逐漸上升，其他元素較無一致之趨向。在同一時期的枝梢上，基部葉片的磷、鉀濃庋較頂端葉片爲高，氮、鈣濃度則反之。依美國佛州的試驗，檬果較合理的取樣部位是結果枝上4至7月葉齡，從基部向上數第3至第6葉，其大量要素之適宜濃度範圍爲氮1.0-1.5%；磷0.08-0.175%；鉀0.3-0.8%；鈣2.0-3.5％（酸性土）；3.0-5.0%（鹼性士）；鎂0.15-0.4%；依此標準，本省檬果葉片含鈣量有略爲偏低的情形，可能是土壤性質不同的影響。
檬果因營養失調所發生的生理病以下列幾種較爲常見：(1)缺硼症，病徵爲裂果，果實內部出現茶色硬斑；(2)缺鐵症，病徵爲初期幼葉呈微黄色，後期新葉停止生長，枯枝：(3)葉枯病，原因不明，病徵爲沿葉尖兩側向葉片中心逐漸褐化並乾枯；(4)頂腐病，高氮低鈣造成，病徵爲從果實腹側一直延伸到果頂的果肉變軟瓦解。
檬果施肥大致可分兩次，第一次在著果後，第二次於採收後。美國佛州採抽花穗期，著果5至8週後，採收後等三次施肥。南非則是始花期施2/3量的氮肥及全量的磷肥，4至6週後施全量的鉀肥，採收後再施剩於1/3量的氮肥。
As mango leaves increased in age, P and K contents were lower, while Ca content was higher. No definite trends for N and Mg in relation to age of leaves were found. The basal leaf was lower in N and Ca but higher in P and K, when compared with the terminal leaf of the same shoot. Desirable ranges of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in mango leaves in florida for satisfactory tree performance are as follows: N -- 1.0-1.5%, P -- 0.08-0.175%, K -- 0.3-0.8%, Ca -- 2.0-3.5% (acid soil), 3.0-5.0% (calcareous soil), Mg -- 0.15-0.4%. In Taiwan, Ca concentration of mango leaves was found to be lower than the above standard. This was probably attributable to the lower PH value in the soil of the island.
Some important nutritional problems in mango orchards have been studied, their symptoms are described briefly as follows. (1) Boron deficiency: fruit cracking and some hard spots appear from internal. (2) Iron deficiency: at early stage, the entire young leaf blade became yellowish green, later on, the new leaf ceased to grow and a gradual die-back of branches was observed. (3) Leaf tip burn and marginal necrosis: there were three stages of the development of symptoms, Ist stage - faint chlorosis at the tip of lateral veins, 2nd stage - Deep browning and necrosis of marginal tissue, 3rd stage - extension of tip - burn and marginal necrosis to include both the margins. (4) soft nose: the flesh on the veneral side towards the apex of fruits to be overripe,. while that around the shoulders and on the dorsal side is unripe, high nitrogen and low calcium aggravated the disorder.
It is common practice to fertilize mango trees after fruit set and after harvest. In Florida, there are three periods of application - prebloom, five to eight weeks after the bloom and as soon as the crop is harvested. In South Africa, two thirds of limestone ammonium nitrate and all the superphosphate are applied once at flower emergency. The potassium chloride is applied 4 to 6 weeks later, the rest of the limestone ammonium nitrate (one - third) is applied after harvest.
Event(s)
果樹營養與果園土壤管理研討會
Proceedings of a Symposium on Fruit Tree Nutrition and Orchard Soil Management
Publisher
臺中區農業改良場
Type
conference paper