台灣若干土壤有機質分解、聚積之模擬及有機質肥料施用塞準之試定

陳琦玲; 連深; Chiling Chen; Shen Lian

台灣若干土壤有機質分解、聚積之模擬及有機質肥料施用塞準之試定

Other Title

Modeling of Organic Matter Turnover in Some Taiwan Soils and Estimation of Criteria for the Application of Organic Manures

Journal

有機質肥料合理施用技術研討會專刊

Part Of

農業試驗所特刊第50號

Pages

171-190

ISBN

957-00-6085-9

Date Issued

1995-12

Date

1995-12

Author(s)

陳琦玲

連深

Chiling Chen

Shen Lian

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/7237

Abstract

本報告之目的是以台灣過去三處長期試驗資料，檢討不同環境及耕作制度下，連續施用一定量作物殘體或有機質肥料後，土壤中有機質的分解與累積的情形，並嘗試以一階反應方程式模擬之，以概括了解其長期趨勢，進而作為維持不同土壤有機質含量所需有機質肥料施用基準釐定之依據。討論之長期試驗資料包括台北每年二作水稻之48年試驗、屏東萬巒每年二作水稻和秋作大豆之14年試驗及台南善化每年二作或三作大豆之9年試驗等資料，並以日本埼玉縣鴻巢市每年一作水稻之60年試驗和神奈川縣平塚市寺田村每年洋蔥-甘藍各一作之9年試驗作為比較。結果顯示，溫帶較熱帶、水田較旱田，可維持較高的土壤有機質含量。化學肥料之長期施用較無肥區可維持較高的土壤有機質含量，而綠肥之長期施用，雖能使土壤有機質含量稍高於化肥區，但比之堆肥區則效果甚小。欲藉有機質肥料之施用，以提高有機質含量，台灣環境顯然較日本環境困難，旱田又較水田難。利用台灣地區有機質肥料在土壤中分解快速之事實，農地可利用作為無害有機廢棄物之處置場所，以達廢棄物減量之目的，但需按其分解特性，酌定合理施用量，以防二次污染。根據試驗與模擬分析結果，台北水田在無肥狀態下以每作水稻收穫之殘株及根（約l.4Mg/ha/year）即可維持土壤有機質含量於3.5％水準，而欲使台北水田土壤有機質含量，由無肥區維持之3.5％提高至4.5%，每年需施用17Mg/ha（鮮重）廄肥，平衡時（約需70年），每年可釋出約180kg/ha氮量；在連用十年後，氮素礦化率即達85%，每年可釋出約150kg/ha氮量。善化旱田由l％提高到2%，每年需投入110Mg/ha蔗渣濾泥堆肥（鮮重），平衡時（約需30年）可釋出約740kg/ha氮量；在連用五年後，其礦化率已達90%，每年可釋出670kg/ha氮量，因此長期施用，恐有污染之虞。 This paper reviews changes of organic matter content in the soils of some long-term experiments conducted in Taiwan, where different rates of crops residues or organic manures had been applied continuously. The decompsition and accumulation of organic matter in the soils were simulated to the first order reaction and the model was used to estimate the input of organic manures required to maintain different levels of organic matter in the soils. The experiments consist of a 48-year field trial with the cropping system of two crops paddy rice per year in Taipei, a 14-year field trial with the cropping system of rice-rice-soybean per year in Pingtung and a 9-year field trial with the cropping sy stem of 2-3 crops soybean per year in Taiwan. For the sake of comparison, a 60-year field trial with the cropping system of one crop paddy rice per year in Saitama, Japan and a 9-year field trial with the cropping system of onion-cabbage per year in Kanaga Wa, Japan were also reviewed. The results indicate that soil organic matter can maintain higher generally in the Temperate than in the Tropics, and in paddy than in upland. The long-term application of chemical fertilizer did not deplete the content of soil organic matter but even increase slightly compared to the soil without application of fertilizers. A stablized content (3.0%) of organic matter was, in fact, maintained in the soil without application of fertilizer in this paddy soil; the rice stubbles and roots remained in the s oil after the harvests were enough to maintain this level of organic matter without any tendency of depletion. On the other hand, the long-term application of green manure did not increase the content of soil organic matter as significantly as that of comp ost did, although it did increase slightly higher than the soil with the application of chemical fertilizer. Apparently, the increase of soil organic matter through the application of organic manure is more difficult in Taiwan than in Japan due to its high er rate of decomposition. This characteristics, however, is advantageous for agricultural land to act as disposal places for the harmless organic waste produced by animal husbandry. The reasonable rate of application, however should be evaluated so that en vironmental impact will be minimized. According to the results of the experiments and simulation analysis, the continuous application of 17Mg/ha/year (fresh weight basis) of farm yard manure for 70 years is required to raise soil organic matter from the level of 3.5% to 4.5%, both at nearly equilibrated state, in the paddy field of Taipei. The rate of N release at equilibrated status maintaining 4.5% organic matter is 180Kg N/ha/year. On the other hand, the continuous application of 110Mg/ha/year (fresh weight basis) of bagasse filter cake compost for 30 years 15 required to raise soil organic matter from the level of 1% to 2%, both at nearly equilibrated state, in the upland field of Tainan • The rate of N release at equilibrated state maintaining 2% organic matter is 740Kg N/ha/year. The 1ong-term application apparently will cause pollution to the environment.

Event(s)

有機質肥料合理施用技術研討會

Subjects

土壤有機質

分解

模擬

Soil organic matter

Turnover

Modeling

Type

conference paper

File(s)

Name

publication_no50-19.pdf

Size

1.94 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):65cc69d437d2134681c7f8dab3734185