彰化地區作物需水量觀測與研究－以花椰菜為例
Journal
農業部臺中區農業改良場研究彙報
Journal Issue
165
Start Page
63
End Page
78
ISSN
0255-5905
Date Issued
2024-12
Author(s)
Abstract
在氣候變遷下，臺灣未來可能面臨高溫、強降雨及旱災等氣候風險增加，作物需水量評估不容忽視，透過作物需水量評估，可作為灌溉需求預測或蓄水設施設置參考，以因應極端氣候或天氣事件變化。作物需水量或稱蒸發散量，為作物生長期間水分透過植株蒸散量及土壤表層水分蒸發量之總和，本研究以花椰菜為例，透過水氣通量儀，分析實際作物需水量，並與Penman-Monteith法計算之參考蒸發散量（ET_0）比較並建立相關性，調查結果顯示花椰菜全期作物係數（K_c）約0.84。長期氣候分析顯示在近20年，ET_0為上升趨勢，以每年約10 mm趨勢增加；而降雨量則有下降趨勢，以每年約26 mm趨勢減少。由歷史平均氣象資料計算，花椰菜每旬10日之需水量介於22 mm到44 mm間；故遇到或預期乾旱事件發生，花椰菜每分地（0.1ha）每旬約需準備20-40 t或每月約70-100 t的蓄水量，若田間無法設置對應的蓄水設施，則需尋覓相當的穩定供應水源量。
Under climate change, Taiwan may face increased climate risks such as high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and droughts in the future. Evaluating crop water requirements cannot be ignored. Through such assessments, we can predict irrigation demands or provide references for the installation of water storage facilities to respond to extreme climate or weather events. Crop water requirement, also known as evapotranspiration, is the total amount of water transpired by plants and evaporated from the soil surface during the growing period. This study uses cauliflower as an example. By using a water vapor flux instrument, we analyzed the actual crop water requirements and compared them with the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated by the Penman-Monteith method to establish correlations. The results of the investigation showed that the crop coefficient (Kc) for cauliflower during its full growth period was approximately 0.84. Long-term climate analysis over the past 20 years indicates that ET0 has shown an increasing trend, with an annual increase of about 10 mm, while rainfall has shown a decreasing trend, with an annual decrease of about 26 mm. According to historical average meteorological data, the ten-day water requirement for cauliflower ranges is between 22 mm and 44 mm. If a drought event occurs or is anticipated, cauliflower requires approximately 20-40 tons of water storage per 0.1 hectares every ten days, or about 70-100 tons per month. In the case of water storage facilities cannot be set up in the field, a stable water supply source must be sought.
Subjects
作物需水量
花椰菜
Penman-Monteith法
crop water requirements
cauliflower
Penman-Monteith method
Publisher
農業部臺中區農業改良場
Type
other periodical