採前與採後處理對結球萵苣品質維持的影響
Other Title
Effects of Pre and Postharvest Handling on Iceberg Lettuce Quality Maintenance
Journal
冷鏈整合採後處理研討會專刊
Pages
70-91
Date Issued
2023-07
Author(s)
Abstract
結球萵苣為國外生食沙拉重要食材，也為臺灣重要生食、煮食及供應外銷之重要蔬菜，栽培其主要自每年12 月起至4 月止，採收後有貯藏穩定供貨需求以供應賣場通路、團膳及截切使用，以及外銷日本韓國等地，因此採後處理技術之使用十分重要。本研究主要聚焦於自採收前到採收後對應之品質影響進行比較研究。採收後的整修除葉，以及後續販售時的葉脈紅褐化產生，與品質息息相關。試驗結果顯示適宜品種低溫貯藏4 周整修率可達30%，配合適當肥培管理於3周貯藏後搭配模擬櫥架可減少耗損達10%以上；而兩年的試驗研究顯示，採收後儘早預冷處理搭配真空預冷方式，模擬貯藏4 周之後，2022 的資料顯示出庫病害與腐爛情況較少，且品質總分數為7.6 分，較室冷延遲兩小時的5.1 分高，且貯放四周後模擬販售4 日仍有6.0 分具販售價值；並可於不同年度(2021-2022)均顯著減少模擬販售時萵苣紅莖(pink rib)的產生(2021:真空預冷無紅莖情形；2022:均低於2 級)，可解決後續品質下降的問題。
This study focuses on the cultivation practices before lettuce harvest and post-harvest handling maintaining its quality. Lettuce is a crucial ingredient for salads in cuisines, handling by restaurant and consumer in Taiwan as well. The cultivation period from December to April each year, and post-harvest handling techniques are essential due to the demand for stable supply, pre-cut packing, and exports to other countries. The objective of this study is to compare the quality impacts from pre-harvest to post-harvest handling. The occurrence of red-browning by leaf veins during shelf significantly affect the quality of lettuce. Experimental results revealed that suitable varieties, stored at low temperatures, achieved a trim rate less than 30%. When combined with appropriate fertilization management, the loss could be reduced by over 10%. Furthermore, a two-year experimental study demonstrated that early pre-cooling treatment, in conjunction with vacuum cooling methods, resulted in reduced disease incidence and rotting. In 2022, the lettuce exhibited less deterioration, with an overall quality score of 7.6, compared to a score of 5.1 when delayed by two hours at room temperature. Additionally, this approach significantly reduced the occurrence of pink rib in both 2021 and 2022, indicating a solution sorting out to maintain high quality of lettuce.
Event(s)
冷鏈整合採後處理研討會
Seminars on Integration of Cold-chain, Pre- and Postharvest Handling Technology
Subjects
結球萵苣
預冷
採後處理
Iceberg lettuce
precooling
postharvest handling
Publisher
臺南區農業改良場、財團法人農業科技研究院
Type
conference paper