水稻經放射線處理後之變異(預報)
Other Title
Effect of X-Rays, Thermal Neutron and Cobalt 60 on Characters and Chromosomes of Rice
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
14
Journal Issue
2
Start Page
13
End Page
22
Date Issued
1965-06-02
Date
1965-06-02
Author(s)
嚴盛添
S.T. Yen
Abstract
本試驗在研究水稻經放射線處理後號，農藝性狀和花粉母細胞染色體之變異情形，乃利用臺中65號、嘉南8號、臺中在來一號和鳥尖之乾燥種子，經x射線、r射線(鈷60)和熱中子處理後，栽培於溫室和一般環境下，觀察其變異情形。
試驗結果顯示處理當代發芽率，死亡率等受放射線之影響，且因線源和線量之不同而異。品種之間亦有相當大之差異。幼苗高度因處理而呈現抑制的現象，成熟期之株高和穗長，亦有相同之結果。分蘗數及穗重，臺中65號和嘉南8號均呈仰制現；臺中在來一號和鳥尖則以x射線20kr處理者，呈促進現象，其他亦呈抑制之情形。各處理區之平均抽穗期和生育日數與未處理者相同或長1~10天左右。但若以個體來說，除大部分較未處理者晚之外，尚有部份則較未處理都早抽穗。因此可說，之株高，穗重和穗長之間的關情形，因品種而異。染色體變異方面，在第一分裂中期，可發現有單價、双價和四價體等。構造上亦可發現有斷片、滯留和產生染色體橋等之變異現象，且其四價體產生之頻度和處理線量成正比。同時，顯示x射線的效果也稍強於r射線處理之效果。
In order to study the effects of different radiation treatments on agronomic characters and chromsomes, four varieties of rice (both japonica and indica) were sent to National Genetics Institute of Japan for X-rays and thermal neutron treat-ments; in the same time, seeds of Taichung no. 65 (japonica type) were also treat-ed with X-rays and Cobalt 60 at the National Taiwan University Hospital.
The degree of plant injury in term of rates of germination, lathal seedlings and seedling height was found to be in parallel with the dose of radiations applied. Though, the seedlings growth at the early stage was differently inhibited by different kinds and doses of radiations, but it recovered gradually until maturity.
Except Taichung native no. 1 and Wu-chian which were treated with 20 Krs. of X-rays showed a slight increase in the number of tillers and weight of panicles, others remained to be the same as controls.
The heading dates were varying widly from early to late with 6 and 10 days respectively as it compared with controls. The correlation between plant height, panicle weight and panicle length was also varying from different varieties.
The tetravalents, univalents in the shape of chain and ring and chromosomal bridges were found in the PMCs of R1 plants. The effect of X-rays was found to be stronger than r-rays from Cobalt 60 source in term of rates of chromosome aberration so far the present experiments are concerned.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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