水稻害蟲防治之省思
Other Title
Reconsideration of the rice insect pests control in Taiwan
Journal
台灣水稻保護成果及新展望研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第138號
Pages
65-82
ISBN
978-986-01-9156-1
Date Issued
2009-07
Date
2009-07
Author(s)
Abstract
病原、寄主及環境被視為植物病害三角，這一理論亦適用於蟲害的發生。許多病、蟲害之病原或蟲原均與田間衛生有密切關係，而寄主作物的品種及其耕作方式則不僅影響寄主作物對病害或蟲害的抗性（或容忍性）、營養及棲息環境的微氣候，因此除自然氣候環境是無法人為左右外，其他均可藉人為之操作改善。在水稻蟲害方面，田間衛生主要指收穫後稻稿及稻樁的處理，翻土曝曬及田邊雜草與中間寄主的剷除等。此等措施可促使許多害蟲，如二化螟、三化螟及黑尾葉蟬等之發生明顯式微。另一方面，由於水稻主要害蟲大多為喜愛潮濕微氣候的環境，半矮性、穗數型水稻品種，生長在密植、重肥及湛水的情況下，不但能提供潮濕環境吸引害蟲前往棲息，並可提供豐富的營養，促進害蟲快速增殖，而導致若干以海外遷入為主要蟲源之害蟲，如褐飛蝨、白背飛蝨及瘤野螟蟲等之嚴重發生。是故改變栽植稻種或栽培及管理方式，應有有助於「防」蟲之猖獗發生。此外，在「治」蟲方面，無論單獨採用生物防治或藥劑防治均有其極限，若能以病、害蟲之生態為依據，調整施藥方法及時期，使天敵族群得能增長發揮其效能，協同達到經濟治蟲的效果。最後吾人需體認〝水稻有害生物綜合管理〞是〝水稻綜合管理系統〞之一小系統，在水稻管理系統內之諸小系統之間需有更多聯繫整合，才能整併出一套符合促進水稻生產價值，而非僅是產量的追求。
Pathogenesis, host plant and environmental conditions have long been recognized as disease triangle, that concept is also adoptable to the insect pests. It was believed that abundance of pathogenesis and insect sources were highly correlated with the field's sanitation, while the cultivar, cultural practices might affect not only the plant tolerance (or resistance) to pests, but could also provide rich nutrition and suitable habitat to the pests. Therefore, it seems that most of factors affecting to the pest abundance can be changed to the conditions adverse to the pests to prevent the infestation. In case of rice insect pests, the infestation of rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), paddy borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) and the rice green leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) tending to negligible was considered due to the destruction of stubble, straw and weeds as soon as after harvest of the second cropping rice. Since the most major rice insect pests are semiaquatic insect, they prefer to inhabit in a highly moist conditions. Therefore, declining the microclimatic moisture through adjustment of cultural practices, such as lowering planting density, lowering fertilizer applications and adopting alternation of shallow flooding and dryness water management could be used to slowdown the population development, and accordingly the frequency of chemical application could be reduced. It is importance that these adjusted cultural practices should be also profitable to rice disease control but should not hamper the profit of rice production. Since the “integrated pest management” is one of branch system of the “integrated crop management”system, any change of a component in the system would affect to the function of other components. Therefore, strengthening the connection and consultation among branch systems, and uniting the branch systems to a practicable process for rice farmers is urgently needed.
Event(s)
台灣水稻保護成果及新展望研討會
Proceedings of Symposium on Achievements and Perspectives of Rice Protection in Taiwan
Subjects
水稻
害蟲
管理
預防
rice
insect pests
management
preventive
Publisher
農業試驗所嘉義分所
Type
conference paper
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