玉米煤紋病抗病篩選與抵抗性之研究
Other Title
Screening for Resistant Sources and Inheritance of Resistance in Maize to Northern Leaf Blight
Resource
中華農業研究 36(4): 406-412
Journal of Agricultural Research of China 36(4): 406-412
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
36
Journal Issue
4
Pages
406-412
Date Issued
1987-12-09
Date
1987-12-09
Author(s)
葉忠川
蔡阿輝
Chung-Chuan Yeh
Ar-Huei Tsai
Abstract
Helminthosporium turcicum Pass.(Trichometasphaeria turcica Luttrell) 引起之玉米煤紋病，感病品種罹病後在葉片形成大型紡錘形壞死病斑，造成枯葉，產量遂受影響。栽培抗病品種可有效減少本病之發生，因為抵抗性品種僅產生小型紡錘形黃化病斑。本研究之目的：(一) 檢定本所一部份現有種源及區域試驗品系和目前本省之栽培品種對煤紋病之抵抗性，以獲得抗源供抗病育種之用；(二) 探討株齡與抵抗性之關係；(三) 研究抵抗性遺傳特性。抗病檢定以幼苗在溫室或生長箱內進行，結果SW種源中有SW655,SW694，SW707三個系統及七十五年度區試驗品系中有84F-3,84F-11，84F-12,84F-14,85W-2,85W-6，85W-7七個品系表現抗病性。目前本省推廣之栽培品種除臺農351號是抗病外，其餘品種包括臺南5號、臺南選10號、臺南11號、臺南16號及超甜玉米236號均為感病。另外以抗病品種臺農351號及感病品種臺南5號各五種不同生長齡期植株進行接種，結果抗病品種臺農351號所有植株都表現抗病性反應，感病品種臺南5號所有植株都表現感病性反應，然而病勢進展之速度在兩個品種均隨著株齡增加而減緩。抵抗性遺傳之研究結果顯示抗病品種臺農351號之抵抗性係得自父本TA80-1410自交系，並且是由單一顯性基因所控制。
Northern leaf blight, incited by Helminthosporium turcicum Pass., may occur at any growth stages of corn plants when the environmental conditions are appropriate and reduce kernel yield depending upon the severity of the the epidemics. The use of resistant varieties is the most common strategy to reduce the epidemics of this disease. The purposes of this study were attempted: (1) to evaluate corn germplasm and regional yield trial varieties for sources of resistance to northern leaf blight; (2) to evaluate the effect of plant age on the expression of resistance and disease development; and (3) to study the inheritance of resistance. Screening tests were conducted in a growth chamber programmed for a 12-hr. photoperiod (11,000 lux) at 24 1℃. Corn seedlings with 6-7 leaves each plant were sprayed with a conidial suspension (10,000 spores/ml) prepared from infected leaves using a floricultural atomizer sprayer until the leaf surfaces were wet. The inoculated plants were kept in a transparent plastic moist chamber in the growth chamber described above. After 18-24 hrs, the plastic chamber was removed and the plants were remained in the growth chamber for observation. Two weeks after inoculation, lesion types on the leaves were recorded. Small, spindly chlorotic lesions were considered resistant and large spindly grayish-green wilt lesions were susceptible reaction. In order to simplify the experiments, the resistant accessions obtained in the first tests were repeated in the second tests, so the third and the fourth tests. For PI germplasm, no accession was consistently recorded resistant among the three tests. However, three accessions, i. e. SW655, SW694, SW707, showed resistant reactions in all four tests. Among the 24 regional yield trial lines/cvs., 84F-3, 84F-11, 84F-12, 84F-12, 84F-14, 85W-2, 85W-6, 85W-7 and Tainung 351 were resistant in all three tests. All commerical cultivars except Tainung 351 were susceptible to northern corn leaf blight. Plant agesvdid not affect the expression of resistance. However, disease developments were slower in the old plants than in the young plants. Studies on the inheritance of resistance revealed that the inheritance in Tainung 351 was obtained from parental line TA80-1410 and is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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