全球氣候變遷對農作物病害發生影響及因應策略
Other Title
The Impact of Global Climate Change on Plant Diseases and Corresponding Strategies
Journal
氣候變遷對農作物生產之影響
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第71號
Pages
59-71
ISBN
957-02-1643-3
Date Issued
1998-06
Date
1998-06
Author(s)
黃益田
蕭淑芬
Yih-tyang Huang
Shu-Fen Shiau
Abstract
本文主要介紹近年來有關氣候變遷對農作物病害影響方面之研究成果及趨向。主要內容包括引起溫室效應之大氣成分二氧化碳、臭氧及紫外線對病原之效應；氣候變遷對病害發生與流行之影響。氣候變遷因素二氧化碳、臭氧及紫外線對寄主和病原具直接和間接的作用而左右其發病程度。紫外線可抑制胞子發芽、抑制產胞、增加病原發生變異的機會或影響寄主產生生理生化反應，造成植株對病原的感受性有所不同。在病害流行方面，利用模擬模式研究氣候變遷對病害所造成之影響，顯示病害發生之風險性因地而異；分析聖嬰現象對病害之影響，發現小麥誘病與南方振盪指數（SOI）有凝聚關係。此外，並介紹因應氣候變化之對策，以及未來研究之方向。
This paper reviews the literatures associated with the effects of individual climate change factors, carbon dioxide(CO2), ozone(O3) and solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) on the plant pathogens, and simulation studies on the effect of global climate change on plant disease epidemics. The climate change factors, CO2, O3 and UV-B, have direct biological effects on plants. Such effects may directly or indirectly affect the incidence and severity of plant diseases, caused by biotic agents. Ultraviolet-B radiation may affect spore viability and sporulation of plant pathogens. It enhances the mutant effects and alteration of physiological response of host plants, and results in alterations of disease susceptibility of host plants. Little is known about the actual impact of climate change factors on disease epidemics. Some simulation studies indicated that effects of climate change on disease development, such as rice blast epidemics, varied between different agroecological zones. The coherence relationships was observed between the rust and Southern Oscillation Index series. The reviews also focus on the need for further research on the impact of climate change on plant diseases and their management.
Subjects
全球氣候變遷
農作物病害
發生
因應策略
Global climate change
Plant diseases
Corresponding strategies
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book chapter
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