蝴蝶蘭與春石斛海運處理貯運技術研究進展

Other Title
The Effect of LED Lightening During Transportation on the Qualiy of Phalaenopsis Plants with Spike and the Effect of Transportation Temperature on the Quality of Dendrobium Plantss
Journal
2010花卉研究團隊研究現況與展望研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第154號
Pages
155-172
ISBN
978-986-02-9581-8
Date Issued
2011-10
Date
2011-10
Author(s)
黃肇家
黃慧穗
蔡金玉
姚秋嫻
Chao-Chia Huang
Huey-Suey Huang
Chin-Yu Tsai
Chiou-Hsien Yao
URI
Abstract
本報告為蝴蝶蘭帶梗苗海運技術與高風險苗海運前預估技術，以及春石斛苗株海運貯運技術之研究進展。於蝴蝶蘭帶梗苗海運貯運技術之研究，將蝴蝶蘭帶梗苗以商業用外銷床架置放，於模擬海運25-30日期間以2種LED燈照明，有不同強度（LED燈量）與光源方向（於苗株上方或側邊），植株受光強度約100-1200lux（依植株在床架位置而異），每日燈照8-12小時。結果顯示各種LED處理都可以顯著的降低蝴蝶蘭心葉白化、花梗白化以及葉片水浸，對降低腐損沒有明確之效果。啞梗是蝴蝶蘭帶梗海運主要之問題，黑暗貯運對一些貯前花梗短的植株，啞梗率可高達60%以上，使只開單梗之植株會有無梗之現象。啞梗之發生和貯前梗長、品種與LED之使用有關。貯前梗長越短的，貯運後啞梗率越高。LED光照可降低啞梗之發生，植株在床架不同位置接受不同之光強度，對抑制啞梗率沒有明確之差異。LED光照降低啞梗之效果受植株貯前梗長與品種所影響，通常LED光照對貯前梗長較短的效果比較好。LED光照降低啞梗之效果在不同品種差異很大，在大都數品種之啞梗降低率為31-50％。目前試用2種LED燈（一詮精密工業製造與光茵生物科技製造），二者效果接近。LED 在貯運間光照雖然無法完全改善啞梗之問題，就目前測試之品種，顯示在植株花梗短(<1cm)時，LED光照在減少啞梗上有正面之效果。於高風險苗海運前預估研究，以一蘭園生產之5個品種，在貯運前以高溫處理2週作預測處理，可測出2個品種腐損率很高。經18℃貯運30日模擬海運後，這2個品種腐損率確實很高，但有另一個品種損耗率為6.9％，沒預測到，因此預測吻合率為4/5。若預測準則以貯運後腐損高於10％而言，則預測吻合率為5/5。再以一次併櫃出口之材料測試，共有3個品種以及來自3家蘭園之V3等6個品目，預測準則以貯運後腐損高於10％而言，預測吻合率為5/6，亦即83％。春石斛苗株海運貯運研究包括貯運溫度與濕度，1.貯運溫度：以春石斛(Den. To my kids 'Smile')成熟株在6、8、10、12、14、18℃，黑暗貯運25-30日模擬海運，結果出庫時葉片大致良好，到開花時亦佳，顯示這些溫度皆適合貯運。開花時開花品質受貯藏溫度影響也不大，但催花環境之影響則很大，在低溫催花室下，開花品質良好。在一般溫室下，開花支少，有花盆數少，有花部位也短。Den. Sweet pinky 'Momoko'品種則深受貯藏溫度影響，貯藏溫度越低好，12℃以上即差。開花品質也深受貯藏溫度影響，貯運溫度高者，花支少，葉片少，花序較短。2.貯運濕度：'Smile'春石斛成熟株在18℃下，以70、85、95％RH模擬海運，結果於高濕(95%RH)，落葉多，85、70%RH 則好，經催花後，開花品質則受催花環境所影響，在一般溫室下各貯運濕度都落葉很多，在催花室催花，仍以低濕(70%RH)貯運者為佳。 Phalaenopsis plants with spike were kept at 18℃ for 25-30 days for simulating marine shipment. After storage water soaking occurred in mature leaves and etiolation occurred in new leaves of several varieties. LED lightening during simulated transportation (12 hours / day) significantly reduced these defects. Spikes might abort for further growth after transportation. They happened more in plants with shorter spikes. LED lightening could reduce the abortion of the spikes which was dependent on spike length and varieties. It was more effective in short spikes. In the 10 varieties tested LED lightening could reduce the abortion rate more than 50% in 2 varieties, and 31-50% in another 5 varieties, and less than 30% in the other 3 varieties. An estimating method had been tested for predicting the possibilities of plants got disease after transportation. In the first test about 80% of the varieties matched the prediction. In the second test different varieties and sources of plants were used. About 83% of the materials matched the prediction. Nobile dendrobium mature plants were stored at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,18℃ for 25-30 days for simulated marine shipment. The plants of Den. To my kids 'Smile' kept good leaf quality in all treatments. The flower quality is dependent on the conditions of the environment after storage. The flower quality is good when the plants were kept at clod room for flowering. It was much worse when the plants were kept at greenhouse at room temperature. The leaf of ‘Momoko’ was better after storage at lower temperature. They became bad when temperature rose higher than 12℃. The flower quality changed similarly. On storage relative humidity, mature plants of Den. To my kids 'Smile' had been store at 18℃ with 70, 85, 95 % RH for 30 days. The leaves were kept well after storage at lower RH such as 70% RH. The flowering quality was also better for those been stored at lower relative humidity.
Event(s)
2010花卉研究團隊研究現況與展望研討會
2010 Proceedings of the Symposium on Current Researches and Prospects of the Floriculture Research Team
Subjects
採後處理
運輸
溫度
LED光照
品質
postharvest handling
transportation
temperature
LED lightening
quality
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
File(s)
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name

no154-14.pdf

Size

524.53 KB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):e4d11a1a54b05bf128d4e04d83b40065