基因轉殖植物雜草風險研究與評估
Other Title
Weed risk of transgenic plants: research and assessment
Journal
基因轉殖植物之生物安全評估與檢測專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第120號
Pages
65-85
ISBN
986-00-4044-3
Date Issued
2005-12
Date
2005-12
Author(s)
蔣慕琰
袁秋英
Mou-Yen Chiang
Chiou-Ing Yuan
Abstract
雜草性是基因轉殖植物之主要環境關切議題。轉殖植物之風險評估均涵蓋基因流佈、雜草性、非目標生物效果及抗性衍生等關鍵風險因子。目前所有雜草風險評估均屬相近轉殖與非轉殖植物之定性比較。主要評估指標包括種子發芽、幼苗生長勢、營養生長、種子產量、繁殖體散佈、休眠性、耐逆境（生物/非生物）、成活率及淨代換率等。部份指標也用於表示轉殖植物之入侵性、長存性、競爭性或生態適應性。理想風險評估需探討風險可能性與風險後果，由此兩部份資料訂定之風險等級，再用做為風險管理與管制之依據。此文檢視國際文獻所提出風險評估差異處理之方法，這些方法包括使用階層系統及風險等級歸類。並介紹美國及澳洲轉殖玉米、油菜及棉花風險評估個案。台灣已投入可觀人物力資源，發展轉殖植物之上游研究，但環境評估架構與程序之發展仍在起步階段，情勢非常不利轉殖植物之合法推出。此文以雜草為重心，檢討台灣轉殖植物環境安全之情勢，並提出未來走向與因應方式之看法。
Weediness is the major environmental concern of transgenic plant. It is covered along with other major hazards such as gene flow, non-target and evolution of resistance for most environmental risk assessment of genetic modified plants. Currently, all weed risk assessment of genetic modified plants are qualitative in nature, and based on comparative evaluation of modified plant with the appropriate un-modified counterpart. Major parameters for weediness evaluation are seed germination, seedling vigor, vegetative growth, seed production, proprogule dispersal, dormancy, seed bank, stress tolerance (biotic/non-biotic), survival rate and net replacement rate. Subset of these parameters is used to characterize invasiveness, persistence, competitiveness or ecological fitness of transgenic plant. Ideally, assessment needs to deal with likelihood and consequence of risk, and risk level determined by interaction of these two components is subsequently used for management and regulatory decision. Based on literature review, we present expert-proposed approaches for differential treatment of risk assessment covering tier systems and category systems on risk level. Case studies on weed risk assessment presented cover transgenic produced maize, canola and cotton. In Taiwan, considerable resources are allocated for development of transgenic plants and related upstream research. However, framework and procedures of environment assessment are still at the enfant stage of development. This would slow down the eventual commercialization of transgenic plant. We introduce current situation on environment safety of transgenic plants in Taiwan with emphasis on weed, and propose future direction and approaches suitable for local condition.
Event(s)
基因轉殖植物之生物安全評估與檢測研討會
Subjects
雜草性
基因轉殖植物
基改作物
風險評估
環境安全
Weediness
GMT
GMC
Risk Assessment
Environmental Safety
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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