特殊有機質肥料(泥炭及腐植酸)之功效
Journal
有機質肥料合理施用技術研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第50號
Pages
147-158
ISBN
957-00-6085-9
Date Issued
1995-12
Date
1995-12
Author(s)
楊秋忠
陳立夫
Abstract
有機質肥料的種類甚多，主要是所含有機質材及分解程度不同而有所差別，自然界的有機質來源不外乎是植物、動物及微生物，其所含成分即有所差異，若再經堆集或分解及其過程中的變化腐植程度，使得有機質肥料中的成分變為更複雜。其中泥炭是自然中千百年所堆積而成的有機質材，泥炭成分中又有可萃取之物質，如腐植酸及多胺。
泥炭是依不同植物體在不同環境下，經千百年堆積成不同的特性，如泥炭土及泥炭苔在物理化學特性上就有差別，泥炭土不易分解，主要是增加土壤有機質含量最佳的材料，視為土壤改良最長效的有機質。腐植酸及黃酸是由泥炭中鹼性萃取物，生物分析結果顯示不同濃度（200~2000 mgL-1）對萵苣幼根之增長率為23%至49%，對幼莖之增長率則介於5%至64%，腐植酸對萵苣幼根的促進遠大於黃酸，但黃酸促進萵苣幼莖則略大於腐植酸之作用。來自埔里泥炭土與土壤（埔心、朴子及大村）所萃取出並經純化的腐植酸，對萵苣幼根的促進作用甚於幼莖。腐植酸能促進植物生長之機制，至今尚未明確，本研究中首次發現腐植酸中含有Polyamines之植物賀爾蒙，Putresoine, spermidine及spermine，是主要的證實物質，可促進植物生長的功效。
Organic matter fertilizer present several kinds of characteristics. They usually depend on the original organic material and their decomposed extent. Because of the humification processes of organic material in nature, the composition of organic matter fertilizer may trun into more complicated. Peat is an ideal material for organic matter fertilizer. It comes from various vegatation and accumulates in different environment for a long time. For instance, peat soil differ from peat moss in physical and chemical characteristics. Peat soil should be the best organic material to raise soil organic matter content by its lower decomposed character. The alkaline extractant of peat soil-humic acid and fulvic acid, promoted the radicle growth of lettuce by 23-49% and the shoot growth by 5-64% on a series concentration (200-2000 mgL-1 ). Humic acid showed better effect on radicle growth of lettuce than fulvic acid did. However, fulvic acid promoted a little effect on the shoot growth of lettuce than humic acid did. The purified humic acid extracted from peat and soils also showed significant effect on the radicle growth of lettuce, but not the shoot. The mechanism of humic acid reveal good effect on plant growth still needs further speculation. It was the first time to find out a phytohormone-polyamines in humic acid. The major polyamines-putrescine, spermidine and spermine showed beneficial effect on the growth of plant.
Event(s)
有機質肥料合理施用技術研討會
Subjects
泥炭
鹼性萃取物
類似荷爾蒙活性
多胺類
peat
alkaline extractant
hormone-like activity
polyamines
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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