番茄斑潛蠅在洋香瓜上之生態觀察
Other Title
Bionomics of the Leafminer, Liriomyza bryoniae Kalt. (Diptera：Agromyzidae) on Muskmelon
Journal
中華昆蟲
Journal Volume
14
Journal Issue
1
Pages
65-81
Date Issued
1994-03
Author(s)
鄭清煥
Ching-Huan Cheng
Abstract
番茄斑潛蠅 (Liriomyza bryoniae(Kalt.)) 為台灣新崛起之雜食性害蟲，對多種蔬果，尤其對洋香瓜等葫蘆科作物常造成嚴重災害。以洋香瓜葉片飼育番茄斑潛蠅，在25℃恆溫下，歷時約18天可完成一世代。卵、幼蟲及蛹之發育臨界低溫分別估算為7.05, 7.8, 7.0℃，有效積溫分別為42.7, 93.2，及187.8日度。30℃以上高溫不利於本蟲之發育。成蟲在23至28℃間平均壽命約8天，此間可產下171.2粒卵。卵主要產於成熟葉片之背面表皮下。幼蟲具三齡，各齡蟲可藉頭咽骨或大顎骨片之長度或食痕寬度區分，三齡蟲之潛食面積約佔全幼蟲期之88﹪。老熟幼蟲脫出葉片表皮後約有60%掉落地面化蛹。成蟲活潑善遷移，尤以雌成蟲為甚。以黃色黏板偵察番茄斑潛蠅之活動及其族群之季節性消長顯示，於冬季，成蟲每日活動盛期出現於10至12時及14至16時兩個時段；其族群密度於春作洋香瓜增長緩慢，但於秋作則呈快速增長；在一年當中，其族群密度每年出現兩次高峰期，10至2月及5至6月，前一高峰顯著地較後一高峰為大，明顯地與其寄主植物之豐度及氣侯條件具密切關係。PE布隧道式栽培的洋香瓜可顯著地促進番茄斑潛蠅之族群增長，此外，使用之不當農藥防治斑潛蠅，毒殺其天敵相信是促使番茄斑潛蠅猖獗成災之另一重要原因。
The leafminer, Liriomyza bryoniae Kalt. has become one of the most destructive insect pests in Taiwan since 1984. Many vegetable crops and ornamental plants, especially those belonging to Cucurbitaceae has been investigated infested severely. We investigated the life history and seasonal population of the leafminer on muskmelon in the Chiayi and Tainan areas. It indicated that the leafminer lasted for about 18 days to complete a generation when they were reared on the leaves of muskmelon at a constant temperature of 25℃. The low development threshold temperature for egg, larva, pupa and total immatural stage were estimated to be 7.05, 7.08, 7.7 and 7.38℃, respectively. Sum of effective temperature for the egg stage was 42.7 day-degree and for the larval, pupal and immatural stage were 93.2, 187.8 and 322.22 day-degree. respectively. Temperature higher than 30℃ was adverse to development of this species. The longevity of female adult ranged from 3 to 12 days with an average of 7.65 days, within this period, they laid 171.2 eggs in average. The adult laid their eggs mainly inside the tissue of abaxial leaf surface. The larvae had three instars feeding inside leaf tissue. Each instar larvae could be distinguished from the length of cephalopharyngeal skeleton and mandibular sclerite, or the width of feeding marks of larvae. The leaf area mined by the last instar larvae occupied about 88% of total larval infestation. Most of matural larvae moved out the mines to pupate on soil but some were on leaves. The adult were most active on the plant canopy near to the ground surface, but some might fly for a long distance with the assistance of prevailing winds. The females were more active than the males. The peaks of dialy activity of the adults were recorded from 10：00 to 12：00 and 14：00 to 16：00 hours in the winter season. In the field, the leafminer appeared to have two population peaks, from the end of September to February and from May to June, the first peak was significantly higher than that of secondary one. Such population fluctuating pattern showed closely relating to the acreage of host plants (crops) cultivated and climatic conditions in the area. PE-sheet tunnel cultivation of muskmelon could increase the population development remarkably, in addition, improper use of chemicals for control of the leafminer was also belived one of important foctor to cause the outbreak of this species.
Subjects
番茄斑潛蠅
生態
洋香瓜害蟲
Liriomyza bryoniae Kalt.
bionomics
muskmelon pest
Publisher
中華昆蟲學會
Type
journal article